L-Proline derived ionic liquids (ILs) used as both solvent and catalyst were efficient for transformation of fructose and sucrose to 5-\nhydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of water. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize fructose\ndehydration process, and a maximum HMF yield of 73.6% could be obtained at 90�°C after 50 min. The recycling of the IL exhibited\nan almost constant activity during five successive trials, and a possible reaction mechanism for the dehydration of fructose to HMF\nwas proposed.
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