Embedded systems are integral to the advancement of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs), enabling efficient, safe, and intelligent operations. This paper reviews their key applications in NEVs, including battery management, energy optimization, fault diagnostics, and communication integration. Embedded systems enhance vehicle performance by enabling precise State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health estimation, optimizing energy usage, and ensuring real-time fault detection. However, several challenges remain, such as computational inefficiency, scalability limitations, and the robust integration of multi-sensor data. Opportunities for future development include leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to improve adaptive algorithms, designing modular architectures for cost-effective scalability, and advancing hybrid communication protocols for seamless subsystem interaction. By addressing these challenges, embedded systems can further enhance NEV efficiency, safety, and reliability, supporting the global transition to sustainable transportation. This review aims to analyze current research, identify gaps, and propose innovative solutions to drive the evolution of embedded technologies in NEVs.
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