Lithium ion (Li-Ion) and lithium polymer (Li-Po) batteries need to be used within certain\nvoltage/current limits. Failure to observe these limits may result in damage to the battery. In this\nwork, we propose a low voltage battery management system (LV-BMS) that balances the processes\nof the battery cells in the battery pack and the activating-deactivating of cells by guaranteeing that\nthe operation is within these limits. The system operates autonomously and provides energy from\nthe internal battery. It has a modular structure and the software is designed to control the charging\nand discharging of eight battery cells at most. A STM32F103 microcontroller is used for system\ncontrol. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to set the discharge voltage limit to prevent damage\nto the battery cells, shorten the settlement time and create a specialized design for charge control.\nThe proposed structure enables solar panel or power supplies with different voltage values between\n5 V and 8 V to be used for charging. The experimental results show there was a 42% increase in\nusage time and the voltage difference between the batteries was limited to a maximum of 65 mV.\nMoreover, the charge current settles at about 20 ms, which is a much faster response when compared\nto a PID controller.
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