The latest smartphones with GPS, electronic compasses, directional audio, touch screens, and so forth, hold a potential for\r\nlocation-based services that are easier to use and that let users focus on their activities and the environment around them. Rather\r\nthan interpreting maps, users can search for information by pointing in a direction and database queries can be created from GPS\r\nlocation and compass data. Users can also get guidance to locations through point and sweep gestures, spatial sound, and simple\r\ngraphics. This paper describes two studies testing two applications withmultimodal user interfaces for navigation and information\r\nretrieval. The applications allow users to search for information and get navigation support using combinations of point and sweep\r\ngestures, nonspeech audio, graphics, and text. Tests show that users appreciated both applications for their ease of use and for\r\nallowing users to interact directly with the surrounding environment.
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