Whereas modern digital cameras use a pixelated detector array to capture images,\nsingle-pixel imaging reconstructs images by sampling a scene with a series of masks and associating\nthe knowledge of these masks with the corresponding intensity measured with a single-pixel\ndetector. Though not performing as well as digital cameras in conventional visible imaging,\nsingle-pixel imaging has been demonstrated to be advantageous in unconventional applications,\nsuch as multi-wavelength imaging, terahertz imaging, X-ray imaging, and three-dimensional imaging.\nThe developments and working principles of single-pixel imaging are reviewed, a mathematical\ninterpretation is given, and the key elements are analyzed. The research works of three-dimensional\nsingle-pixel imaging and their potential applications are further reviewed and discussed.
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