This paper reports a numerical study on natural convection from a protruding heater located at the bottom of a square cavity\nfilled with a copper-water nanofluid. The vertical walls of the cavity are cooled isothermally; the horizontal ones are adiabatic,\nand the heater is attached to the bottom wall. The heat source is assumed either to be isothermal or to have a constant heat\nflux. The effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluid are modeled according to Brinkman and Patel, respectively.\nNumerical solutions of the full-governing equations, based on the lattice Boltzmann method, are obtained for a wide range of the\ngoverning parameters: the Rayleigh number, Ra; the Prandtl number, Pr; the geometrical parameters specifying the heater; the\nvolume fraction of nanoparticles, F. For a particular geometry, it has been found that, for a given Ra, heat transfer is enhanced\nwith increasing F, independently of the thermal boundary condition applied on the heater.
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