A nonuniformly spaced linear antenna array with broadside radiation characteristics is synthesized using firefly algorithm and\r\nparticle swarm optimization. The objective of the work is to find the optimum spacing between the radiating antenna elements\r\nwhich will create a predefined arbitrary radiation pattern. The excitation amplitudes of all the antenna elements are assumed to be\r\nconstant. The optimum spacing between the array elements are obtained using firefly algorithm. The minimum allowed distance\r\nbetween the antenna elements is defined in such a way that mutual coupling between the elements can be ignored. Numerical\r\nanalysis is performed to calculate the far-field radiation characteristics of the array. Two numerical examples are shown to form\r\ntwo different desired predefined radiation patterns. The performance of the firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization is\r\ncompared in terms of convergence rate and global best solution achieved. The performances of the optimized nonuniformly spaced\r\narrays are analyzed. Finally, contour plots of the radiated power fromthe optimized array in the horizontal plane and vertical plane\r\nin the far-field region are provided.
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