The propagation approach of a botnet largely dictates its formation, establishing a foundation of bots for future exploitation. The\nchosen propagation method determines the attack surface and, consequently, the degree of network penetration, as well as the\noverall size and the eventual attack potency. It is therefore essential to understand propagation behaviours and influential factors\nin order to better secure vulnerable systems.Whilst botnet propagation is generally well studied, newer technologies like IoT have\nunique characteristicswhich are yet to be thoroughly explored. In this paper, we apply the principles of epidemic modelling to IoT\nnetworks consisting of wireless sensor nodes. We build IoT-SIS, a novel propagation model which considers the impact of IoTspecific\ncharacteristics like limited processing power, energy restrictions, and node density on the formation of a botnet. Focusing\non worm-based propagation, this model is used to explore the dynamics of spread using numerical simulations and the Monte\nCarlo method to discuss the real-life implications of our findings.
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