In this paper, a new approach to modeling the hysteresis phenomenon of the open circuit\nvoltage (OCV) of lithium-ion batteries and estimating the battery state of charge (SoC) is presented.\nA characterization procedure is proposed to identify the battery model parameters, in particular,\nthose related to the hysteresis phenomenon and the transition between charging and discharging\nconditions. A linearization method is used to obtain a suitable trade-off between the model\naccuracy and a low computational cost, in order to allow the implementation of SoC estimation on\ncommon hardware platforms. The proposed characterization procedure and the model\neffectiveness for SoC estimation are experimentally verified using a real grid-connected storage\nsystem. A mixed algorithm is adopted for SoC estimation, which takes into account both the\ntraditional Coulomb counting method and the developed model. The experimental comparison\nwith the traditional approach and the obtained results show the feasibility of the proposed\napproach for accurate SoC estimation, even in the presence of low-accuracy measurement\ntransducers.
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