Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) uses low intensity current to alter neuronal activity\nin superficial cortical regions, and has gained popularity as a tool for modulating several\naspects of perception and cognition. This mini-review article provides an overview of\ntES and its potential for modulating spatial processes underlying successful navigation,\nincluding spatial attention, spatial perception, mental rotation and visualization. Also\nconsidered are recent advances in empirical research and computational modeling\nelucidating several stable cortical-subcortical networks with dynamic involvement in\nspatial processing and navigation. Leveraging these advances may prove valuable\nfor using tES, particularly transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation\n(tDCS/tACS), to indirectly target subcortical brain regions by altering neuronal activity in\ndistant yet functionally connected cortical areas. We propose future research directions\nto leverage these advances in human neuroscience.
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