Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has emerged as a key enabler for Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) and autonomous sensing networks, but its reliability is severely affected by salinity-induced attenuation, scattering, and turbulence. This work presents a high-speed and salinity-resilientUWOCarchitecture that jointly exploits Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) diversity to enhance link capacity and robustness in realistic oceanic conditions. Two 1 Gbps NRZ data channels at 1550 nm were transmitted using continuous-wave lasers and evaluated using a hybrid OptiSystem–MATLAB simulation framework with full channel modeling of absorption, scattering, turbulence, and salinity (32–36 ppt). Results reveal that the proposed PDM-MIMO system achieves more than an order-of-magnitude bit-error-rate (BER) reduction compared with non-MIMO or single-polarization baselines, maintaining acceptable BER levels up to 20 m. Performance degradation with increasing salinity is quantified, and results confirm that combined PDM and spatial diversity effectively mitigate salinity-induced losses. The presented design demonstrates a viable and scalable solution for next-generation underwater sensing and communication networks in coastal and deep-sea ecosystems.
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