Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Peptide-based therapies have emerged as groundbreaking advancements in both therapeutic and preventive strategies against infectious diseases. These approaches utilize innovative functional immunopeptides—such as antigenic peptides, antimicrobial, immune modulation, and delivery peptides derived from pathogens or hosts—to target specific immune mechanisms. In addition to their simplicity of use, peptide-based approaches provide several advantages. These include improved specificity and immunogenicity by targeting specific antigenic peptides and enhanced delivery of particular proteins or vaccines to targeted immune cells, which increases the efficiency of antigen presentation and provides a self-adjuvant effect and therapeutic properties. The most recent developments in peptide-based systems to increase vaccine efficacy and therapeutic interventions for animal diseases are investigated in this review. It encompasses fundamental ideas, immunomodulating functions, and peptide production techniques. Additionally, the improvements and synergistic advantages attained by combining these functional immunopeptides with vaccines or using them as stand-alone therapeutic agents are emphasized. This review demonstrates how peptide-based treatments in veterinary medicine enhance immune responses and inhibit or eliminate pathogens....
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major zoonotic pathogen whose nasopharyngeal colonization relies on adaptive regulation in response to the host’s low-glucose microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation remain largely unexplored. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of S. suis cultured under low-glucose (0.2%) conditions revealed 86 DEGs, predominantly associated with the phosphotransferase system, alternative carbon metabolism, and energy homeostasis pathways. A phenotypic screening of eight transcription factor (TF) mutants revealed that deletion of HrcA significantly impaired bacterial growth and survival under low-glucose conditions. ChIP-seq analysis revealed the HrcA-binding motif (GTG CTA ATT) and mapped 391 potential target genes, 18 of which were differentially expressed under low-glucose conditions. Further qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) validated the direct regulation of 10 target genes by HrcA. Specifically, HrcA represses energy-intensive genes (B9H01_00980 and B9H01_04980) to conserve energy while activating B9H01_00995 and B9H01_01125 to promote alternative carbon metabolism and pyruvate fermentation. Additionally, HrcA modulates the expression of the AraC family TF1 and the DeoR family TF4, establishing a hierarchical regulatory network. Notably, HrcA downregulates its own expression under low-glucose conditions to fine-tune carbon metabolism gene regulation and maintain S. suis homeostasis, providing new insights into its adaptive strategies....
Canine distemper, caused by Morbillivirus canis, is a highly morbid and lethal disease characterized by multiple systemic and neurological signs. In recent years, biomarkers, such as Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1, have been investigated in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. However, the role of these biomarkers in neurological distemper has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare blood serum Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 concentrations between the neurological distemper and control group, and to evaluate the correlations of these biomarkers with hematobiochemical parameters in dogs with neurological distemper. Nineteen owned dogs (13 diagnosed with neurological distemper and 6 controls) were included in the study. Hematobiochemical analyses were performed in all dogs, and Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Serum concentrations of Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 were markedly elevated in dogs with neurological distemper compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A negative correlation between Galectin-3 and monocytes (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation between Galectin-3 and platelet and platelecrit levels (p < 0.05) were observed. There was negative correlation with Cardiotrophin-1 and lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.01) and a positive correlation with Cardiotrophin-1 and granulocyte percentage (p < 0.01). Galectin-3 and Cardiotrophin-1 may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and understanding of neurological distemper pathogenesis. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate underlying neuroinflammation. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological distemper....
Mycobacterium is one of the most dangerous pathogens of both animals and humans. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease caused by mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which spreads mainly among domestic cattle but also to mammals other than cattle. The transmission of MTBC between different species requires research and epidemiological investigations to control its spread. When multiple species are a reservoir of infection, it poses a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this study, the diagnosis of alpaca, cattle, horses, dogs, a sheep and a cat from one farm suspected of bovine tuberculosis was performed. The animals (except for one horse, the dogs and the cat) were euthanised after the intradermal tuberculin tests. Mycobacterial isolation from animal tissue samples was performed. The obtained Mycobacterium strains were genotyped using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) methods. The isolates from a horse, two cows, a sheep and an alpaca were classified as Mycobacterium (M.) bovis. The single M. bovis spoligotype SB0666 pattern was isolated, and the MIRU-VNTR results presented the same 222632237401435 patterns. The molecular investigation uncovered information on the relationship of Mycobacterium bovis....
Yogurt and postbiotics are both beneficial for intestinal health of pets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of yogurt with postbiotics in cats. A total of 18 adult cats were randomly divided into three groups, CK group (Control n = 6, free feeding and drinking without any probiotic products), Y group (Yogurt, n = 6, 50 g/day), and YP group (Yogurt + 2% postbiotics, 50 g/day), with the same environment and diet. On the 21st day, blood and fecal samples were collected and tested for biochemical indices, immunological parameters, inflammatory factors, and fecal flora, respectively. The results showed that feeding postbiotic yogurt to cats significantly reduced the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acids (TBA), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05), and significantly increased Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) (p < 0.05) compared to the CK group. The abundance of Bifidobacterium in YP group was elevated, the Shannon violin plots showed that the intestinal flora of the YP group was less dispersed. Notably Enterococcaceae and Enterococcus were significantly elevated in the Y group (p < 0.05) and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus in the YP group (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that yogurt with postbiotic is a good choice for improving intestinal health and immune function in cats and possesses good research and application prospects....
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