Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
The increasing demand for industrial resource optimization has driven the creation of integrated methodologies for the technical assessment of complex operations such as gas oil hydrocracking. This study examines the technical performance of a mass and energy-integrated gas oil hydrocracking process using the ExtendedWater–Energy–Product (E-WEP) methodology, which enables the quantification of 12 key indicators related to water, energy, and raw material usage. The research addresses the challenge of high demineralized water consumption in conventional hydrocracking processes. The findings show a production yield of 95.77% and a recycled hydrogen reuse rate of 67.99%, expressed as the Index of Reused Unconverted Material (IRUM). In terms of water use, fresh water demand decreased to 26.99 m3/h and wastewater discharge to 21 m3/h, although 77.79% of the total water processed is released as effluent, corresponding to the Wastewater Production Ratio (WPR). From the energy standpoint, total energy consumption increased to 2966.57 MMBTU/h, primarily due to the use of additional electrical equipment for mass integration. The Total Cost of Energy (TCE) reached 3,563,840.10 USD/day, with electricity (1630.82 kWh/t) as the dominant source, negatively influencing the process’s economic efficiency. Despite this energy drawback, the evaluated configuration achieves the most sustainable water use compared to conventional and integrated PVC production schemes, underscoring the importance of adopting holistic evaluations that jointly address technical efficiency, environmental impact, and economic feasibility....
Al–15Sn–5Pb (vol.%) alloy was fabricated by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) method at laser scanning speeds of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 m/s and laser powers ranging from 70 to 130W. The samples were synthesized from a mixture of elemental powders using an ONSINT AM150 3D printer under a flowing argon atmosphere. The structure and mechanical properties under compression tests of the produced material were investigated as a function of the volumetric laser energy density (E) during LPBF. It has been established that low laser energy density during LPBF results in incomplete melting of aluminum particles and a non-uniform distribution of soft inclusions within the material. Increasing the energy density ensures a significantly more uniform distribution of the phases, resulting in the formation of a fine-grained three-phase alloy. It was established that both the ductility and strength of the alloy improve with the increase in E until a critical value is reached. As a result, at E ≥ 48 J·mm−3, the ultimate strength of the alloy reaches 100 ± 5 MPa, and its deformation before fracture is 15 ± 1%. Substituting one quarter of the tin volume with lead results in a significant increase in the ductility of the LPBF-fabricated aluminum alloy....
This paper presents an optimal-design methodology for small-scale Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) that couple electricity and heat in distributed networks. A hybrid reliability assessment integrates probabilistic state enumeration with scenario-based simulation. Mathematically, the design is cast as a stochastic, reliability-driven ranking: time-sequential Monte Carlo (MC) produces estimators of Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS), and Self-Sufficiency Rate (SSR), which are normalized and combined into a Composite Reliability Index (CRI) that orders candidate siting/sizing options. The case study is the D-campus microgrid with Photovoltaic (PV), Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Fuel Cell (FC), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), and Heat Energy Storage Systems (HESSs; also termed TESs), across multiple siting and sizing scenarios. Results show consistent reductions in LOLP and EENS and increases in SSR as distributed energy resource capacity increases and resources are placed near critical nodes, with the strongest gains observed in the best-performing configurations. The CRI also reveals trade-offs across intermediate scenarios. The operational concept of the campus Energy Management System (EMS), including full operating modes and scheduling logic, is developed to maintain a design focus on reliability-driven decision making. Probabilitybased formulations, reliability metrics, and the sequential MC setup underpin the proposed ranking framework. The proposed method supports Distributed Energy Resource (DER) sizing and siting decisions for reliable, autonomy-oriented IESs....
Polymer dielectrics offer outstanding advantages for high-power energy storage applications, such as high breakdown strength (Eb) and efficiency (η), while both decrease rapidly at elevated temperature (>150 ◦C). Although several strategies including nanocomposites and crosslinking have been evaluated to enhance Eb and heat resistance, the discharged energy density (Ud) of polymer dielectrics is still limited by the low dielectric constant (K). Herein, we have implemented a blending strategy by utilizing hydrogen bonding interactions between molecular chains for polyetherimide (PEI) and poly(ester ether urethane) (PEEU). Both the experimental and computational simulation results reveal that the blending can contribute to the increased molecular chain spacing and control the charge transport by destroying the conjugated structure to broaden bandgap and induce deep traps, improving the K and Eb simultaneously. As a result, the blend film achieves an unprecedented Ud of 5.50 with the η above 90% at 200 ◦C. Furthermore, it exhibits stable performances during ultralong 105 charge–discharge cycles in harsh environments (250 MV/m and 200 ◦C). This work opens a new avenue to scalable high Ud all-polymer dielectric for high-temperature applications and promotes the understanding of the dielectric behavior of polymer blend films....
To ensure the transition to electric transport in order to reduce CO2 emissions, a number of projects have been initiated to develop and introduce new types of locally produced vehicles. The Russian Federation market is quite conservative and has its own specifics and a special consumer model. In addition, the component base of localized components for electric vehicles is relatively small, which is justified by relatively low demand and market volumes. To create the concept of a Class C passenger vehicle with electric traction, marketing research was conducted in a group of people who are potentially ready to abandon traditional vehicles and choose electric vehicles or hybrids. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the opinion of consumers and to form the technical characteristics of a Class C hybrid car based on localized components. Methods: To obtain the results, various components of the power unit were modeled, and a balanced solution was found that meets the requirements of consumers in the region. Mathematical modeling was carried out and analytical studies of the power reserve of various configurations of power units within the WLTC cycle were carried out in the digital environment of Siemens Amesim. Analytical work on the study of the composition of cars for calculating the masses of modern components and aggregates was carried out using Autodatas. Consumer opinions were assessed through a survey using the Yandex. Forms service. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the lack of domestic models of sequential hybrids on the market and the lack of similar studies, based on the opinion of a potential consumer. The result is the technical parameters of the main components and assemblies, which should ensure the optimal cost of the final product and meet the requirements of the consumer. Conclusion: As a result of the study, a concept of a combined sequential-type power unit was developed based on available components, meeting the main consumer properties, and the technical characteristics of the components were presented....
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