Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of energy-constrained sensor nodes that often operate in dynamic and hard-toaccess environments, where battery replacement is impractical and node mobility can significantly degrade network stability. Existing clustering-based solutions frequently address either energy efficiency or mobility but rarely both in a unified and adaptive manner. Motivated by the need to simultaneously reduce energy consumption and ensure stable Cluster Head (CH) selection in mobile WSNs, this paper proposes an intelligent Fuzzy logic–based clustering framework that integrates residual energy, sleeping time, and mobility factor into the CH election process. Sleeping time is dynamically adjusted to reflect energy-saving behavior, whereas mobility awareness prevents unstable nodes from being selected as CHs. MATLAB-based simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces energy consumption and extends network lifetime, achieving delayed node death and improved network stability compared to existing methods. This integrated design enables a unified and lightweight fuzzy framework suitable for resource-constrained mobile WSNs....
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face a significant challenge regarding energy efficiency due to the reliance of sensor nodes on limited battery power. The commonly used Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol often overlooks residual energy and distance factors in Cluster Head (CH) selection, which can shorten the network's lifespan. This research aims to implement and analyze the Power-Aware Centralized LEACH (PC-LEACH) protocol on a LoRa-based WSN to optimize energy consumption and extend network lifetime. The method involves implementing the PC-LEACH protocol, where CH selection is adaptively performed based on the nodes residual energy and their distance to the Sink. The system was built using ESP32 microcontrollers, LoRa RA-02 modules, and environmental sensors. Performance was evaluated through physical hardware implementation by comparing the protocol against a non-clustering baseline, with emphasis on energy consumption and system operation. The results show that the PCLEACH protocol reduced the average current draw by 34% compared with the non-clustering scenario (64 mA vs. 97 mA). In addition, the hardware implementation showed successful data aggregation, dynamic CH rotation, and proper operation of the calibrated sensors....
This study presents the performance analysis and field deployment results of the Florida Institute of Technology’s fourth-generation Wireless Sensor Network System (WSNS) for measurements of absolute pressure measurements on low-rise buildings subjected to hurricane-level winds. The system was evaluated through a full scale wind tunnel experiments at the Wall of Wind (WoW) facility, where WSNS units with aerodynamic casings were deployed and compared to differential pressure taps connected to a Scanivalve (SCV) system. Results indicate that WSNS performs comparably to SCV in low-turbulence zones, while biases occur due to effects on the shape of the sensors, especially near corners at selected angles. Field deployments during Hurricanes Ian, Nicole, and Milton extended the system to real storm conditions. Continuous 10 Hz pressure records captured critical loading on roof corners, ridge corners, and soffits, while the measurements with less casing effects remained within ASCE 7-22 provisions. Hardware reliability was maintained throughout storm durations, with improved ultrasonic anemometer in Milton enhancing wind speed characterization. Together, the tunnel and field results demonstrate that WSNS provides robust, high-resolution pressure data in both controlled and extreme environments, supporting its use in hurricane resilience studies....
Robots and diverse sensors constitute a self-contained network. The integration of the Internet and the IoT extends this network, enabling seamless interconnection and information exchange between robotic sensors and external systems. Given that cybersecurity breaches cause significant losses, strengthening the security defenses of autonomous robots and sensor networks is critical. To enhance cybersecurity within robotic sensor networks, we examined strategies, objectives, frameworks, and methods for security improvement in this study. Through case-based analysis, recommendations and references were suggested to advance the cybersecurity capabilities of robotic sensor networks....
We show the development of an innovative Internet of Things Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System, to study the short‐term changes in surface velocity of two adjacent Icelandic glaciers, in order to understand the response of glaciers to climate change. We show for the first time that we are able to deploy such a system using an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle, which allows inaccessible areas of the glacier to be studied. This system is low power, cost effective, with centimeter‐level accuracy and transmits its data to the web server daily. Whilst there were variations in transmission success, overall our data indicate clear similarities in temporal velocity variations between the rovers at the individual sites, both at Breiðamerkurjökull where the rovers were only ∼200 m apart as well as Fjallsjökull where they were ∼1 km apart. This demonstrates how velocity patterns (but not magnitudes) were similar across the glacier....
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