Frequency: Quarterly E- ISSN: Awaited P- ISSN: Awaited Abstracted/ Indexed in: Ulrich's International Periodical Directory, Google Scholar, SCIRUS, getCITED
Quarterly published in print and online "Inventi Impact: Psychiatry & Neurology (Formerly Inventi Impact: Brain)" publishes high quality unpublished as well as high impact pre-published research and reviews catering to the needs of researchers and professionals. The journal welcomes papers in all the areas of the nervous system structure and function that are of general interest to the international community of neuroscientists ranging from cellular and molecular studies through systems neuroscience, cognition and diseases.
Background. The individual placement and support (IPS) model for persons with severe mental illness has proven to be more effective than traditional vocational approaches in improving competitive work over 18 months. In this study, the longer-term effects of IPS over 30 months were investigated in a Danish setting. Method. In a randomized clinical trial, we compared the effects of IPS, IPS enhanced with cognitive remediation and work-related social skills training (IPSE), and service as usual (SAU). At three locations in Denmark, 720 patients with serious mental illnesses were randomly assigned to the three groups. Competitive employment, education, and hospital admissions were tracked for 30 months using Danish national registers. Results. The beneficial effects of IPS on competitive employment and education at the 18-month follow-up were sustained over the 30-month follow-up period. Participants receiving IPS or IPSE were more likely to obtain competitive employment or education than those who received service as usual (IPS 65%, IPSE 65%, SAU 53%, p = 0:006), and they worked on average more weeks competitively (IPS 25 weeks, IPSE 21 weeks, SAU 17 weeks; IPS vs. SAU p = 0:004 and IPSE vs. SAU p = 0:007). Moreover, participants in the two IPS groups had fewer outpatient visits during the 30-month follow-up. However, this was only statistically significant when comparing IPSE with SAU p = 0:017. Conclusion. In conclusion, IPS and IPS enhanced with cognitive remediation and work-related skills training demonstrated that the vocational effects of the interventions are retrained over 30 months in a Danish context....
Background: We report on a 6-year-old Turkish boy with profound sensorineural deafness, balance disorder, severe\r\ndisorder of oral motor function, and mild developmental delay. Further findings included scaphocephaly,\r\nplagiocephaly, long palpebral fissures, high narrow palate, low-set posteriorly rotated ears, torticollis, hypoplastic\r\ngenitalia and faulty foot posture. Parents were consanguineous.\r\nMethods and results: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral single widened\r\ncochlear turn, narrowing of the internal auditory canal, and bilateral truncation of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve.\r\nMicroarray analysis and next generation sequencing showed a homozygous deletion of chromosome 5q31.1\r\nspanning 115.3 kb and including three genes: NEUROG1 (encoding neurogenin 1), DCNP1 (dendritic cell nuclear\r\nprotein 1, C5ORF20) and TIFAB (TIFA-related protein). The inability to chew and swallow, deafness and balance\r\ndisorder represented congenital palsies of cranial nerves V (trigeminal nerve) and VIII (vestibulo-cochlear nerve) and\r\nthus a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder.\r\nConclusions: Based on reported phenotypes of neurog1 null mutant mice and other vertebrates, we strongly\r\npropose NEUROG1 as the causative gene in this boy. The human NEUROG1 resides within the DFNB60 locus for\r\nnon-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness on chromosome 5q22-q31, but linkage data have excluded it from\r\nbeing causative in the DFNB60 patients. Given its large size (35 Mb, >100 genes), the 5q22-q31 area could harbor\r\nmore than one deafness gene. We propose NEUROG1 as a new gene for syndromic autosomal recessive hearing\r\nloss and congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder including cranial nerves V and VIII....
Background: Regular exercise can have positive effects on both the physical and mental health of individuals with\nschizophrenia. However, deficits in cognition, perception, affect, and volition make it especially difficult for people\nwith schizophrenia to plan and follow through with their exercising intentions, as indicated by poor attendance and high\ndrop-out rates in prior studies. Mental Contrasting and Implementation Intentions (MCII) is a well-established strategy to\nsupport the enactment of intended actions. This pilot study tests whether MCII helps people with schizophrenia in highly\nstructured or autonomy-focused clinical hospital settings to translate their exercising intentions into action.\nMethods: Thirty-six inpatients (eleven women) with a mean age of 30.89 years (SD = 11.41) diagnosed with schizophrenia\nspectrum disorders from specialized highly structured or autonomy-focused wards were randomly assigned to\ntwo intervention groups. In the equal contact goal intention control condition, patients read an informative\ntext about physical activity; they then set and wrote down the goal to attend jogging sessions. In the MCII\nexperimental condition, patients read the same informative text and then worked through the MCII strategy. We\nhypothesized that MCII would increase attendance and persistence relative to the control condition over the course\nof four weeks and this will be especially be the case when applied in an autonomy-focused setting compared to when\napplied in a highly structured setting.\nResults: When applied in autonomy-focused settings, MCII increased attendance and persistence in jogging group\nsessions relative to the control condition. In the highly structured setting, no differences between conditions were\nfound, most likely due to a ceiling effect. These results remained even when adjusting for group differences in the\npre-intervention scores for the control variables depression (BDI), physical activity (IPAQ), weight (BMI), age, and\neducation. Whereas commitment and physical activity apart from the jogging sessions remained stable over the\ncourse of the treatment, depression and negative symptoms were reduced. There were no differences in pre-post\ntreatment changes between intervention groups.\nConclusions: The intervention in the present study provides initial support for the hypothesis that MCII helps patients to\ntranslate their exercising intentions into real-life behavior even in autonomously-focused settings without social control....
Noonan syndrome (NS) was described by Noonan and Ehmke as a multi-system disorder, which is typically evident at birth. The incidence of this syndrome is estimated to be one per 1000 to one per 2500 and affects both genders. While the clinical manifestations of Noonan syndrome have been well documented, the oral manifestations have not been extensively discussed. The purpose of the present study is to a) review the physical manifestations of Noonan syndrome reported in the literature andb) describing one case report of female of Noonan syndrome, who was presented with short stature, hypo plastic uterus problems along with various problems like shielded chest, no development secondary sexual characters and reduced hormone levels. Based on this case study we concluded that many physical anomalies may have possible relationships with Noonan syndrome and also the patient has pineal gland epidermoid cyst which led to disturbances in the circadian rhythms of the patient, it’s rare complication, which require multidisciplinary treatment planning and timely management. The importance of physical findings in Noonan syndrome has largely gone unnoticed and it is essential to consider physical manifestations as scoring criteria in the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome....
Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder occurring in genetically predisposed individuals secondary to gluten ingestion. CD usually presents with gastrointestinal symptoms such as pain, bloating, flatulence, and constipation or diarrhea. However, individuals can present in a nonclassical manner with only extraintestinal symptoms. The neurological manifestations of CD include ataxia, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, headache, and neuropathy. A lifelong glutenfree diet is the current recommended treatment for CD. This review discusses the relevant neurological manifestations associated with CD and the novel therapeutics. Further research is required to get a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the neurological manifestations associated with CD. Clinicians should keep CD in the differential diagnosis in individuals presenting with neurological dysfunction of unknown cause....
Background: During normal semantic processing, the left hemisphere (LH) is suggested to restrict right\r\nhemisphere (RH) performance via interhemispheric suppression. However, a lesion in the LH or the use of\r\nconcurrent tasks to overload the LH�s attentional resource balance has been reported to result in RH disinhibition\r\nwith subsequent improvements in RH performance. The current study examines variations in RH semantic\r\nprocessing in the context of unilateral LH lesions and the manipulation of the interhemispheric processing\r\nresource balance, in order to explore the relevance of RH disinhibition to hemispheric contributions to semantic\r\nprocessing following a unilateral LH lesion.\r\nMethods: RH disinhibition was examined for nine participants with a single LH lesion and 13 matched controls\r\nusing the dual task paradigm. Hemispheric performance on a divided visual field lexical decision semantic priming\r\ntask was compared over three verbal memory load conditions, of zero-, two- and six-words. Related stimuli\r\nconsisted of categorically related, associatively related, and categorically and associatively related prime-target pairs.\r\nResponse time and accuracy data were recorded and analyzed using linear mixed model analysis, and planned\r\ncontrasts were performed to compare priming effects in both visual fields, for each of the memory load conditions.\r\nResults: Control participants exhibited significant bilateral visual field priming for all related conditions (p < .05),\r\nand a LH advantage over all three memory load conditions. Participants with LH lesions exhibited an improvement\r\nin RH priming performance as memory load increased, with priming for the categorically related condition\r\noccurring only in the 2- and 6-word memory conditions. RH disinhibition was also reflected for the LH damage\r\n(LHD) group by the removal of the LH performance advantage following the introduction of the memory load\r\nconditions.\r\nConclusions: The results from the control group are consistent with suggestions of an age related hemispheric\r\nasymmetry reduction and indicate that in healthy aging compensatory bilateral activation may reduce the impact\r\nof inhibition. In comparison, the results for the LHD group indicate that following a LH lesion RH semantic\r\nprocessing can be manipulated and enhanced by the introduction of a verbal memory task designed to engage\r\nLH resources and allow disinhibition of RH processing....
Background: Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2) is an autosomal recessive\ndisorder with predominant sensory dysfunction and severe complications such as limb destruction. There are\ndifferent subtypes of HSAN2, including HSAN2A, which is caused by mutations in WNK1/HSN2 gene.\nMethods: An Iranian family with four siblings and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern whom initially\ndiagnosed with HSAN2 underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by segregation analysis.\nResults: According to the filtering criteria of the WES data, a novel candidate variation, c.3718C > A in WNK1/\nHSN2 gene that causes p.Tyr1025* was identified. This variation results in a truncated protein with 1025\namino acids instead of the wild-type product with 2645 amino acids. Sanger sequencing revealed that the\nmutation segregates with disease status in the pedigree.\nConclusions: The identified novel nonsense mutation in WNK1/HSN2 in an Iranian HSAN2 pedigree presents\nallelic heterogeneity of this gene in different populations. The result of current study expands the spectrum\nof mutations of the HSN2 gene as the genetic background of HSAN2A as well as further supports the\nhypothesis that HSN2 is a causative gene for HSAN2A. However, it seems that more research is required to\ndetermine the exact effects of this product in the nervous system....
Background: It is well established that COMT is a strong candidate gene for substance use disorder and\r\nschizophrenia. Recently we identified two SNPs in COMT (rs4680 and rs165774) that are associated with\r\nschizophrenia in an Australian cohort. Individuals with schizophrenia were more than twice as likely to carry the\r\nGG genotype compared to the AA genotype for both the rs165774 and rs4680 SNPs. Association of both rs4680\r\nand rs165774 with substance dependence, a common comorbidity of schizophrenia has not been investigated.\r\nMethods: To determine whether COMT is important in substance dependence, rs165774 and rs4680 were\r\ngenotyped and haplotyped in patients with nicotine, alcohol and opiate dependence.\r\nResults: The rs165774 SNP was associated with alcohol dependence. However, it was not associated with nicotine\r\nor opiate dependence. Individuals with alcohol dependence were more than twice as likely to carry the GG or AG\r\ngenotypes compared to the AA genotype, indicating a dominant mode of inheritance. The rs4680 SNP showed a\r\nweak association with alcohol dependence at the allele level that did not reach significance at the genotype level\r\nbut it was not associated with nicotine or opiate dependence. Analysis of rs165774/rs4680 haplotypes also revealed\r\nassociation with alcohol dependence with the G/G haplotype being almost 1.5 times more common in alcoholdependent\r\ncases.\r\nConclusions: Our study provides further support for the importance of the COMT in alcohol dependence in\r\naddition to schizophrenia. It is possible that the rs165774 SNP, in combination with rs4680, results in a common\r\nmolecular variant of COMT that contributes to schizophrenia and alcohol dependence susceptibility. This is\r\npotentially important for future studies of comorbidity. As our participant numbers are limited our observations\r\nshould be viewed with caution until they are independently replicated....
Objectives: We examined whether plasma concentrations of amyloid beta (Ab) as protein derivatives play a\ncentral role in the etiology of autistic features.\nDesign and Methods: Concentrations of human Ab (1-42), Ab (1-40), and Ab (40/42) in the plasma of 52 autistic\nchildren (aged 3-16 years) and 36 age-matched control subjects were determined by using the ELISA technique\nand were compared.\nResults: Compared to control subjects, autistic children exhibited significantly lower concentrations of both Ab (1-\n40) and Ab (1-42) and lower Ab (40/42) concentration ratio. Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis\nshowed that these measurements of Ab peptides showed high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing autistic\nchildren from control subjects.\nConclusions: Lower concentrations of Ab (1-42) and Ab (1-40) were attributed to loss of Ab equilibrium between\nthe brain and blood, an imbalance that may lead to failure to draw Ab from the brain and/or impairment of band\ng- secretase�s concentration or kinetics as enzymes involving in Ab production....
Background: Heterogeneous disease trajectories of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are frequently\nencountered in clinical practice, but there is still insufficient knowledge to understand the reasons and mechanisms\ncausing this heterogeneity. In addition to correlates of the disorder, patient characteristics such as their health\nstatus, social environment, comorbidities and frailty may contribute to variability in trajectories over time. The\ncurrent paper outlines the study design and the study population of and provides an overview of the data\ncollected in the Clinical Course of Cognition and Comorbidity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (4C-MCI cohort, n = 315)\nand Dementia (4C-Dementia cohort, n = 331) Study.\nMethods: The two complementary longitudinal cohorts part of the 4C study began enrolment in March 2010.\nParticipants were prospectively recruited from three collaborating Dutch Alzheimer Centers, with three annual\nfollow-up assessments after baseline. Extensive neuropsychological assessments, and detailed profiling of\ncomorbidities, health and frailty at each follow up were the key features of the 4C study. As such, the 4C study was\ndesigned to study if and how patients� comorbidities and frailty are associated with the course of MCI and\ndementia measured with a comprehensive and multidimensional set of outcomes including cognition, daily\nfunctioning, quality of life, behavioral disturbances, caregiver burden, institutionalization and death and whether the\neffects of medical health and frailty differ between MCI and dementia stages of cognitive disorders. Conclusion: Sampled in a clinical setting, the 4C study complements population-based studies on\nneurodegenerative disorders in terms of the type of assessment (e.g. comorbidity, frailty, and functional status were\nrepeatedly assessed). The 4C study complements available clinical cohorts of MCI and dementia patients, because\nthe exclusion criteria were kept to a minimum, to obtain a sample that is representative for the average patient\nvisiting a memory clinic....
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