Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
The clavicle connects the shoulder girdle to the axial skeleton, providing support and mobility for optimal upper\r\nextremity function. Fractures of the clavicle account for up to 4% of all fractures and comprise up to 44% of all\r\ninjuries to the shoulder girdle. We present a 63-year-old female patient who suffered what appeared to be a\r\nminimally displaced Type V lateral clavicle fracture after a fall as evidenced by an anteroposterior shoulder\r\nradiograph. However, an axillary projection demonstrated the proximal segment to be posteriorly displaced and\r\nbuttonholed through the trapezius musculature with tenting of the skin. The patient underwent an open reduction\r\nand Kirschner wire fixation of the fracture with complete healing, subsequent removal of the hardware and return\r\nto her previous level of function six months following surgery. After an extensive literature search, we believe this is\r\nthe first case report documenting a variant of a Type V lateral clavicle fracture, specifically with significant posterior\r\ndisplacement of the proximal segment, mimicking a Type IV AC separation. This fracture pattern is unstable and\r\nrepresents a double disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. Surgical management was successful\r\nin returning our patient back to her previous activity of daily living....
Purpose: The purpose of this present study was to examine contralateral ACL injury cases after ACL reconstruction,\r\nto determine the characteristics of such injuries.\r\nMethods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with contralateral ACL injury after ACL\r\nreconstruction. The control group consisted of 200 cases with unilateral ACL injury. The following were examined in\r\nthe contralateral group: timing of the contralateral ACL injury, and the situations of the initial and contralateral ACL\r\ninjuries. The following items were compared between the contralateral and control groups: age at the time of initial\r\ninjury, level of competitive sports using Tegner activity scores, knee anterior laxity (KT-1000), and the ratio (%) of\r\naffected to unaffected legs in the strengths of the knee extensor and flexor muscles 6 months after surgery.\r\nResults: Examination of injury situations showed that approximately 70% of the contralateral group was injured in\r\nsituations similar to those at their initial injuries. There were no significant differences between the two groups in\r\nage at the time of initial injury , Tegner activity scores, knee anterior laxity, and the strengths of the knee extensor,\r\nflexor muscles and H/Q ratio 6 months after reconstruction. But, the age at the time of initial injury trended to be\r\nlow in contralateral group.\r\nConclusions: Knee anterior laxity and muscle weakness of the reconstructed legs six months following surgery\r\nwere not individually related to contralateral ACL injury occurring approximately two years after surgery....
Overuse injuries are generally defined as a repetitive micro-trauma to tissue. Many researchers have associated\r\nparticular biomechanical parameters as an indicator of such injuries. However, while these parameters have been\r\nreported in single studies, in many instances, it has been difficult to verify these parameters as causative to the\r\ninjury. We have investigated overuse injuries, such as patella-femoral pain syndrome, using a dynamical systems\r\napproach. Using such methods, the importance of the structure of coordinative variability (i.e. the variability of the\r\ninteraction between segments or joints) becomes apparent. We view coordinative variability as functionally\r\nimportant to the movement and different from end-point or goal variability. Using concepts derived from the work\r\nof Bernstein, we conducted studies using a continuous relative phase and/or modified vector coding approaches to\r\ninvestigate the coordinative variability of overuse injuries. Consistently, we have found that the higher variability\r\nstate of a coordinative structure is the healthy state while the lower variability state is the unhealthy or pathological\r\nstate. It is clear that very high coordinative variability could also result in injury and that there must be a window of\r\nââ?¬Ë?higher variabilityââ?¬â?¢ in which non-injured athletes function. While this finding that coordinative variability is functional\r\nhas been shown in several studies, it is still not clear if reduced variability contributes to or results from the injury.\r\nStudies are currently underway to determine the potential reasons for the reduced variability in injured athletes.\r\nNevertheless, our laboratory believes that this understanding of how joints interact can be important in\r\nunderstanding overuse injuries....
The aim of this review was to present an over view of degenerative rotator cuff tears and a suggested\r\nmanagement protocol based upon current evidence. Degenerative rotator cuff tears are common and are a major\r\ncause of pain and shoulder dysfunction. The management of these tears is controversial, as to whether they should\r\nbe managed non-operatively or operatively. In addition when operative intervention is undertaken, there is\r\nquestion as to what technique of repair should be used. This review describes the epidemiology and natural history\r\nof degenerative rotator cuff tears. The management options, and the evidence to support these, are reviewed. We\r\nalso present our preferred management protocol and method, if applicable, for surgical fixation of degenerative\r\nrotator cuff tears....
Nanotechnology is being applied to many areas of sports such as human movement science, sports halls, facility, equipment etc. In the world of sports even the most minimal changes in the equipments can make all the difference between losing and winning. This review article will signify the present scenario regarding the importance of nanotechnology in the field of sports. Tennis and Golf is traditionally two of the main sports that embrace new technology. Golf club manufacturer Wilson has invested heavily in nanotechnology in recent years, particularly nano metal coatings. Nanodynamics®, a nanoscaled engineering and material company have recently produced golf ball with nanoscale coatings to reduce ‘spring’ and allow a trurer contact with the club, producing shots that do not go further, but do travel straighter. Carbon nanotubes have been used for sports equipments for few years now, particularly companies such as Yonex, maker of badminton racquets. These racquets are lighter which allow for more compact swing that still produce maximum power. Undeniably, sports have led the way for nanotechnology commercialization. From golf balls to foot warmers, athlete skin care to new tennis racquets consumer demand for better exercise equipment and material is still driving nanotech revenues. Sports equipment manufacturers claim that carbon nanotubes stiffen the shaft and head of some tennis racquets, thus creating a high strength-to-weight ratio. Golf balls have been developed which claim to use the technology to improve the flight of the balls. With the help of nanoparticles, bicycle frames have been engineered to be stronger and lighter, and swimsuits have been designed which use the technology to mimic the skin of sharks and allow swimmers to move more quickly through the water....
The present study is a report of retrospective case series of stress fracture of the olecranon. Six patients presented\r\nposterior elbow pain in throwing in baseball and softball, but fracture was not diagnosed in radiographs. We\r\ndetected stress fracture of the olecranon using computed tomographic (CT) scan and treated the patient with\r\ninternal fixation with a headless cannulated double threaded screw through a small skin incision. All patients\r\nreturned to competitive level without elbow complaints after the operation.\r\nWhen throwing athletes present with unusual posterior elbow pain and no significant findings on radiographs, a CT\r\nscan examination should be performed. We recommend surgical treatment of internal fixation with a screw\r\nthrough a small skin incision, as a good option for stress fracture of the olecranon in order to allow early return to\r\nsports activity in competitive athletes....
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