Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
Background: Dietary guidelines suggest limiting daily sodium intake to <2,300 mg for the general population,\r\nand <1,500 mg/d for those with certain cardiovascular risk factors. Despite these recommendations, few Americans\r\nare able to achieve this goal. Identifying challenges in meeting these guidelines is integral for successful\r\ncompliance. This analysis examined patterns and amount of daily sodium intake among participants with metabolic\r\nsyndrome enrolled in a one-year dietary intervention study.\r\nMethods: Two hundred forty participants with metabolic syndrome enrolled in a dietary intervention trial to lose\r\nweight and improve dietary quality. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected at each visit which provided meal\r\npatterns and nutrient data, including sodium intake. A secondary data analysis was conducted to examine sodium\r\nconsumption patterns at baseline and at one-year study visits. Sodium consumption patterns over time were examined\r\nusing linear mixed models.\r\nResults: The percentage of meals reported eaten in the home at both baseline and one-year follow-up was\r\napproximately 69%. Follow-up for the one-year dietary intervention revealed that the participants who consumed\r\nsodium greater than 2,300 mg/d declined from 75% (at baseline) to 59%, and those that consumed higher than\r\n1,500 mg/d declined from 96% (at baseline) to 85%. Average sodium intake decreased from 2,994 mg at baseline\r\nto 2,558 mg at one-year (P < 0.001), and the sodium potassium ratio also decreased from 1.211 to 1.047 (P < 0.001).\r\nSodium intake per meal varied significantly by meal type, location, and weekday, with higher intake at dinner, in\r\nrestaurants, and on weekends. At-home lunch and dinner sodium intake decreased (P < 0.05), while dinner sodium\r\nintake at restaurant/fast food chains increased from baseline to one-year (P < 0.05).\r\nConclusion: Sodium intake for the majority of participants exceeded the recommended dietary guidelines.\r\nFindings support actions that encourage low-sodium food preparation at home and encourage public health\r\npolicies that decrease sodium in restaurants and prepared foods....
The aim of this study was to select, formulate and physico pharmaceutical evaluation of powder mixture of micronutrients, minerals and excipients forming a sprinkle powder dosage form intended to correct cases of stunting. Sprinkle powder mixtures were prepared by simple mixing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with different inactive ingredients namely; lactose, sucrose, dextrose, aerosil, magnesium stearate and vanilla extract into five formulations. Formulations were characterized physically (i.e. uniformity of weight, angle of repose, tapped and bulk density, Hausner�s ratio and Carr�s index) to select the most suitable formula with optimum flowability. The selected formula was evaluated regarding its moisture content. Possible interactions between APIs and excipients were investigated using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). Results showed that, the five formulations had acceptable weight variation ranging from (5.36 ? 0.305 g) for F3 and (4.83 ? 0.208 g) for F4. Optimum flowability (angle of repose 39.2 ? 0.6o) was attained by (F5) indicating that aerosil acted as glidant better than magnesium stearate. This result was confirmed by the bulk and tapped densities values (0.76 ? 0.04 and 0.89 ? 0.07 g/cm3 respectively) which reflected the good flow and rearrangement properties of (F5). DSC results proved the absence of chemical interactions between the different ingredients of powder mixtures....
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants\r\n(AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (??-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the\r\ncellular/molecular mechanisms ofAMDand the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ??-3 were addressed\r\nall together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED\r\n(Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ??-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence\r\nand incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E,\r\nbeta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with\r\none-sided lateAMD.The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential\r\nrelationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially\r\nwith low AOX and ??-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD.\r\nMicronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD....
Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of calcium phosphate and/or vitamin D3\r\non bone and mineral metabolism.\r\nMethods: Sixty omnivorous healthy subjects participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel designed\r\nstudy. Supplements were tricalcium phosphate (CaP) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). At the beginning of the study\r\n(baseline), all subjects documented their normal nutritional habits in a dietary record for three successive days. After\r\nbaseline, subjects were allocated to three intervention groups: CaP (additional 1 g calcium/d), vitamin D3 (additional\r\n10 �µg/d) and CaP vitamin D3. In the first two weeks, all groups consumed placebo bread, and afterwards, for eight\r\nweeks, the test bread according to the intervention group. In the last week of each study period (baseline, placebo,\r\nafter four and eight weeks of intervention), a faecal (three days) and a urine (24 h) collection and a fasting blood\r\nsampling took place. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were determined in faeces, urine and blood. Bone\r\nformation and resorption markers were analysed in blood and urine.\r\nResults: After four and eight weeks, CaP and CaP vitamin D3 supplementations increased faecal excretion of\r\ncalcium and phosphorus significantly compared to placebo. Due to the vitamin D3 supplementations (vitamin D3,\r\nCaP vitamin D3), the plasma 25-(OH)D concentration significantly increased after eight weeks compared to\r\nplacebo. The additional application of CaP led to a significant increase of the 25-(OH)D concentration already after\r\nfour weeks. Bone resorption and bone formation markers were not influenced by any intervention.\r\nConclusions: Supplementation with daily 10 �µg vitamin D3 significantly increases plasma 25-(OH)D concentration.\r\nThe combination with daily 1 g calcium (as CaP) has a further increasing effect on the 25-(OH)D concentration. Both\r\nCaP alone and in combination with vitamin D3 have no beneficial effect on bone remodelling markers and on the\r\nmetabolism of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron....
A field experiment was conducted to study effect of different levels of RDP:UDP and RDCHO containing concentrate supplementation on production performance of crossbred dairy cattle under field conditions. Eighteen crossbred dairy cattle (JBX) were divided into three groups (RBD), T1 (60 : 40 RDP:UDP and 65% RDCHO) and T2 groups (55 : 45 RDP:UDP and 70% RDCHO). The animals in T1 and T2 groups were supplemented concentrate with different levels of degradable protein and Carbohydrates for 90 days, while in control (c) group feeding system traditionally adopted by the farmers was considered without any intervention. The impact of altered feeding on milk production, composition and efficiency of production of crossbred milch cows was studied. The intake of DM, CP, DCP TDN and RDCHO were more (P< 0.05) in treatment groups (T1 and T2) as compared to the control group. There was increased (P< 0.05) FCM yield in T1 and T2 groups to the tune of 26.98% and 29.99%, respectively. The fat (29.92 and 32.27%), SNF (20.83 and 29.32%), total solids (22.56 and 30.04%) and milk protein (32.36 and 42.79%) yield was more (P< 0.05) in T1 and T2 groups as compared to control during the period of 90 days, due to increased level of UDP and RDCHO in the rations. It can be concluded that altering the feeding systems traditionally adopted by the farmers in a scientific way improved milk production....
Dietary supplements are used by half to two-thirds of American adults, and the evidence suggests that this usage is\r\none component of a larger effort to develop a healthier lifestyle. Dietary supplement users tend on average to be\r\nbetter educated and to have somewhat higher incomes than nonusers, and these factors may contribute to their\r\nhealth-consciousness. Dietary supplement use also tends to be more prevalent among women than among men,\r\nand the prevalence of use increases with age in both men and women. Numerous surveys document that users of\r\ndietary supplements are significantly more likely than nonusers to have somewhat better dietary patterns, exercise\r\nregularly, maintain a healthy weight, and avoid tobacco products. While supplement users tend to have better diets\r\nthan nonusers, the differences are relatively small, their diets have some substantial nutrient shortfalls, and their\r\nsupplement use has been shown to improve the adequacy of nutrient intakes. Overall, the evidence suggests that\r\nusers of dietary supplements are seeking wellness and are consciously adopting a variety of lifestyle habits that they\r\nconsider to contribute to healthy living....
The aim of this study was to assess the phenolic composition and nutraceutical potential of tinctures from fruits in two stages\r\nof maturity (F3, younger; F25, older), green husks (GH), and leaves (L) of Juglans regia L. In all extracts gallic, protocatechuic,\r\n3-caffeoylquinic, 3-??-coumaroylquinic, 4-caffeoylquinic, 4-??-coumaroylquinic, and ??-coumaric acids and quercetin-3-Odeoxyhexoside\r\nwere detected using UPLC-MS technique. Caffeic acid hexoside I and quercetin-3-O-deoxyhexoside I have been\r\nidentified in GH tincture. The highest ability to chelate Fe2+ was observed for GH tincture (EC50 = 71.01 Ã?± 3.55mg FM/mL),\r\nwhereas the lowest was observed (EC50 = 131.06 Ã?± 6.55mg FM/mL) for F3 tincture. The highest reducing power was found for\r\nF3 and F25 (EC50 = 32.47 Ã?± 1.53 and 36.07 Ã?± 1.72mg FM/mL, resp.). Ability of tinctures to prevent lipids against oxidation was\r\nrelatively low. The highest activity (EC50 = 126.49 Ã?± 6.32mg FM/mL) was determined for F25. Tested tinctures showed relatively\r\nhigh antiradical activityââ?¬â?EC50 values ranged from 100.56Ã?±5.03 to 129.04Ã?±6.45mg FM/mL for L and F25, respectively.The results\r\nobtained suggest that J. regia can be a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties....
Loading....