Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 9 Articles
A duck was received for post-mortem examination with history of anorexia, dull, depressed and the carcass was emaciated with distended abdomen. On necropsy examination revealed a mass in the abdominal cavity, attached to the liver and mescentry of visceral organs and covered with dense fibrous tissue. The mass was dark red to reddish black in colour, firm in consistency, size ranges from 15-18 cms. Histopathological examination revealed variable sized vascular spaces and channels that are lined by flattend endothelium, vascular spaces filled with blood and plasma. Based on gross and histopathological examination the present case was diagnosed as haemangioma....
Tumor cells adapt to their high metabolic state by increasing energy production. To this end, current efforts in molecular cancer\ntherapeutics have been focused on signaling pathways that modulate cellular metabolism. However, targeting such signaling\npathways is challenging due to heterogeneity of tumors and recurrent oncogenic mutations. A critical need remains to develop\nantitumor drugs that target tumor specific pathways. Here, we discuss an energy metabolic pathway that is preferentially activated\nin several cancers as a potential target formolecular cancer therapy. In vitro studies have revealed that many cancer cells synthesize\nguanosine triphosphate (GTP), via the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis pathway by upregulating the rate limiting enzyme\nof this pathway, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Non-proliferating cells use an alternative purine nucleotide\nsynthesis pathway, the salvage pathway, to synthesize GTP. These observations pose IMPDH as a potential target to suppress tumor\ncell growth.The IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is an FDA-approved immunosuppressive drug. Accumulating\nevidence shows that, in addition to its immunosuppressive effects, MMF also has antitumor effects via IMPDH inhibition in vitro\nand in vivo.Here, we review the literature on IMPDHas related to tumorigenesis and the use ofMMFas a potential antitumor drug....
Introduction. ER, PR, and HER2 are routinely available in breast cancer specimens. The purpose of this study is to contrast breast\ncancer-specific survival for the eight ER/PR/HER2 subtypes with survival of an immunohistochemical surrogate for the molecular\nsubtype based on the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes and tumor grade. Methods. We identified 123,780 cases of stages 1ââ?¬â??3 primary female\ninvasive breast cancer from California Cancer Registry. The surrogate classification was derived using ER/PR/HER2 and tumor\ngrade. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess differences in survival and risk\nof mortality for the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes and surrogate classification within each stage. Results.The luminal B/HER2? surrogate\nclassification had a higher risk of mortality than the luminal B/HER2+ for all stages of disease. There was no difference in risk of\nmortality between the ER+/PR+/HER2? and ER+/PR+/HER2+ in stage 3.With one exception in stage 3, the ER-negative subtypes\nall had an increased risk of mortality when compared with the ER-positive subtypes. Conclusions. Assessment of survival using\nER/PR/HER2 illustrates the heterogeneity of HER2+ subtypes. The surrogate classification provides clear separation in survival\nand adjusted mortality but underestimates the wide variability within the subtypes that make up the classification....
The present article gives a case report of melanocytoma in a jersey crossbred cow which was observed on ventrolateral aspect of the abdomen. On FNAC it was diagnosed as melanocytoma and it has been treated by complete surgical extirpation of the mass. Cut section of the mass revealed blackish colour with soft consistency and histopathologically it has been confirmed as melanocytoma. Animal recovered uneventfully with no further complications and no further recurrence for about 6 months....
Four peckin ducks belonging to poultry farm, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati were presented for the post mortem examination. Clinically the birds have shown inappetance, emaciation, abdominal distention. Gross lesions included the abdominal cavity filled with straw colored fluid with fibrin shreds, peritonitis, enlarged liver with multiple nodules on the surface and bile stasis on cut section, diffuse intestinal congestion. Histopathologically, liver showed clusters of neoplastic hepatocytes surrounded by connective tissue strands. The gross and histopathological lesions are suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma....
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors arising from histologically and immunohistochemically\ndistinctive perivascular epithelioid cells that express both myogenic and melanocytic markers. These tumors are known to arise\nfrom different organs in the body and usually have an unpredictable clinical course. We report a case of a 49-year-old female\nwho presented with diffuse abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nonbilious vomiting for a day. Work-up revealed a mesenteric mass\nmeasuring 13.5 Ã?â?? 7.7 Ã?â?? 9.5 cm, arising in the mesentery of the hepatic flexure, with adjacent gas suggestive of fistularization into\nthe right colon. An exploratory laparotomy with resection of the mesenteric mass was performed, and the initial histopathology\nresults were compatible with either an adenocarcinoma or a sarcoma; however, because of poor differentiation it was difficult to\nmake a definitive diagnosis. However, final histopathology results revealed a malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (with\nreservation that a S100 negative metastatic melanoma must be excluded clinically). Following surgery the patient was started on\neverolimus, an m-TOR inhibitor, and has shown good response to this medication....
Background. Prediction of survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer remains problematical.The aim of the present study was\nto examine the clinical utility of an established objective marker of the systemic inflammatory response, the Glasgow Prognostic\nScore, as the basis of risk stratification in patients with lung cancer. Methods. Between 2005 and 2008 all newly diagnosed lung\ncancer patients coming through the multidisciplinary meetings (MDTs) of four Scottish centres were included in the study. The\ndetails of 882 patients with a confirmed new diagnosis of any subtype or stage of lung cancer were collected prospectively. Results.\nThe median survival was 5.6 months (IQR 4.8ââ?¬â??6.5). Survival analysis was undertaken in three separate groups based on mGPS\nscore. In the mGPS 0 group the most highly predictive factors were performance status, weight loss, stage of NSCLC, and palliative\ntreatment offered. In the mGPS 1 group performance status, stage of NSCLC, and radical treatment offered were significant. In\nthe mGPS 2 group only performance status and weight loss were statistically significant. Discussion. This present study confirms\nprevious work supporting the use of mGPS in predicting cancer survival; however, it goes further by showing how it might be used\nto provide more objective risk stratification in patients diagnosed with lung cancer....
Introduction. Smokeless tobacco is considered one of the major risk factors for oral cancer. It is estimated that over 90%of the global\nsmokeless tobacco use burden is in South Asia. This paper aims to systematically review publications reporting epidemiological\nobservational studies published in South Asia from 1984 till 2013. Methods. An electronic search in ââ?¬Å?Medlineââ?¬Â and ââ?¬Å?ISI Web of\nKnowledgeââ?¬Â yielded 734 publications out of which 21 were included in this review. All publications were assessed for quality using a\nstandard quality assessment tool. Effect estimates (odds ratios (OR)) were abstracted or calculated from the given data. A random\neffects meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of oral cancer with the use of different forms of smokeless tobacco. Results and\nConclusion.The pooled OR for chewing tobacco and risk of oral cancer was 4.7 [3.1ââ?¬â??7.1] and for paan with tobacco and risk of oral\ncancer was 7.1 [4.5ââ?¬â??11.1]. The findings of this study suggest a strong causal link between oral cancer and various forms of smokeless\ntobacco. Public health policies in affected countries should consider SLT specific cessation programs in addition to campaigns and\nactivities incorporated into smoking cessation programs....
Four cases previously treated with ipilimumab with a total of six histologically confirmed symptomatic lesions of RNB without\nany sign of active tumour following stereotactic irradiation of MBM are reported. These lesions were all originally thought to be\ndisease recurrence. In two cases, ipilimumab was given prior to SRT; in the other two ipilimumab was given after SRT.The average\ntime from first ipilimumab to RNB was 15 months. The average time from SRT to RNB was 11 months. The average time from\nfirst diagnosis of MBM to last follow-up was 20 months at which time three patients were still alive, one with no evidence of\ndisease. These cases represent approximately three percent of the total cases of melanoma and ten percent of those cases treated\nwith ipilimumab irradiated in our respective centres collectively. We report this to highlight this new problem so that others may\nhave a high index of suspicion, allowing, if clinically warranted, aggressive surgical salvage, possibly resulting in increased survival.\nFurther studies prospectively collecting data to understand the denominator of this problem are needed to determine whether this\nproblem is just the result of longer survival or whether there is some synergy between these two modalities that are increasingly\nbeing used together....
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