Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 4 Articles
The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the gel-clot method for the analysis of bacterial endotoxins in water extracts of ultrapure\nparaffin oil which is a water insoluble oily medical device. Because ultrapure paraffin oil is water insoluble oily liquid, the ultrapure\nparaffin oil (10 mL) was shaken with 10mL water for 15 minutes at 2000 rpm, the endotoxin present was extracted to the aqueous\nphase without interference inhibition/enhancement of the product, the recovery of the endotoxin added to the ultrapure paraffin\noil was determined. A validation study confirmed that endotoxins present in ultrapure paraffin oil which is water insoluble liquid\nmedical device pass over into the aqueous phase at concentrations of 20, 10, and 5 EU/mL with recoveries of 94.2% to 111%. So the\nconclusion is that the gel-clot test is suitable for detecting bacterial endotoxins in ultrapure paraffin oil which is a water insoluble\noily medical device....
Any new clinical data, whether positive or negative, generated about a medical device should be published because health\nprofessionals should knowwhich devices do notwork, aswell as thosewhich do.We report three spinal cord injury patients inwhom\nurological implants failed to work. In the first, paraplegic, patient, a sacral anterior root stimulator failed to produce erection, and a\ndrug delivery system for intracavernosal administration of vasoactive drugs was therefore implanted; however, this implant never\nfunctioned (and, furthermore, such penile drug delivery systems to produce erection had effectively become obsolete following\nthe advent of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors). Subsequently, the sacral anterior root stimulator developed a malfunction and\nthe patient therefore learned to perform self-catheterisation. In the second patient, also paraplegic, an artificial urinary sphincter\nwas implanted but the patient developed a postoperative sacral pressure sore. Eight months later, a suprapubic cystostomy was\nperformed as urethral catheterisation was very difficult. The pressure sore had not healed completely even after five years. In the\nthird case, a sacral anterior root stimulator was implanted in a tetraplegic patient in whom, after five years, a penile sheath could\nnot be fitted because of penile retraction. This patient was therefore established on urethral catheter drainage. Later, infection with\nStaphylococcus aureus around the receiver block necessitated its removal. In conclusion, spinal cord injury patients are at risk of\ndeveloping pressure sores, wound infections, malfunction of implants, and the inability to use implants because of age-related\nchanges, as well as running the risk of their implants becoming obsolete due to advances in medicine. Some surgical procedures\nsuch as dorsal rhizotomy are irreversible. Alternative treatments such as intermittent catheterisations may be less damaging than\nbladder stimulator in the long term....
This paper presents the design and evaluation of the hardware circuit for electronic stethoscopes with heart sound cancellation\ncapabilities using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The adaptive line enhancer (ALE) was adopted as the filtering\nmethodology to reduce heart sound attributes from the breath sounds obtained via the electronic stethoscope pickup. FPGAs\nwere utilized to implement the ALE functions in hardware to achieve near real-time breath sound processing.We believe that such\nan implementation is unprecedented and crucial toward a truly useful, standalone medical device in outpatient clinic settings. The\nimplementation evaluation with one Altera cyclone IIââ?¬â??EP2C70F89 shows that the proposed ALE used 45% resources of the chip.\nExperiments with the proposed prototype were made using DE2-70 emulation board with recorded body signals obtained from\nonline medical archives. Clear suppressions were observed in our experiments from both the frequency domain and time domain\nperspectives....
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum biofilm eradication\nconcentration (MBEC) and kill kinetics were established for vancomycin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin\nagainst the biofilm forming bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Methicillin\nResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), and Escherichia coli (NCTC 8196).\nMICs and MBCs were determined via broth microdilution in 96-well plates. MBECs were studied using the Calgary Biofilm\nDevice. Values obtained were used to investigate the kill kinetics of conventional antimicrobials against a range of planktonic\nand biofilm microorganisms over a period of 24 hours. Planktonic kill kinetics were determined at 4xMIC and biofilm kill kinetics\nat relative MBECs. Susceptibility of microorganisms varied depending on antibiotic selected and phenotypic form of bacteria.\nGram-positive planktonic isolates were extremely susceptible to vancomycin (highest MBC: 7.81mg L?1: methicillin sensitive and\nresistant S. aureus) but noMBEC value was obtained against all biofilmpathogens tested (up to 1000 mg L?1). Both gentamicin and\nciprofloxacin displayed the broadest spectrum of activity with MIC and MBCs in the mg L?1 range against all planktonic isolates\ntested and MBEC values obtained against all but S. epidermidis (ATCC 35984) and MRSA (ATCC 43300)....
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