Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
A rapid headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was developed for the analysis of ethylene glycol and\r\npropylene glycol in plasma and serum specimens using 1,3-propanediol as the internal standard. The method\r\nemployed a single-step derivitization using phenylboronic acid, was linear to 200 mg/dL and had a lower limit of\r\nquantitation of 1 mg/dL suitable for clinical analyses. The analytical method described allows for laboratories with\r\nHS-GC instrumentation to analyze ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol on a single\r\ninstrument with rapid switch-over from alcohols to glycols analysis. In addition to the novel HS-GC method, a\r\nretrospective analysis of patient specimens containing ethylene glycol and propylene glycol was also described. A\r\ntotal of 36 patients ingested ethylene glycol, including 3 patients who presented with two separate admissions for\r\nethylene glycol toxicity. Laboratory studies on presentation to hospital for these patients showed both osmolal and\r\nanion gap in 13 patients, osmolal but not anion gap in 13 patients, anion but not osmolal gap in 8 patients, and 1\r\npatient with neither an osmolal nor anion gap. Acidosis on arterial blood gas was present in 13 cases. Only one\r\nfatality was seen; this was a patient with initial serum ethylene glycol concentration of 1282 mg/dL who died on\r\nthird day of hospitalization. Propylene glycol was common in patients being managed for toxic ingestions, and was\r\noften attributed to iatrogenic administration of propylene glycol-containing medications such as activated charcoal\r\nand intravenous lorazepam. In six patients, propylene glycol contributed to an abnormally high osmolal gap. The\r\ncommon presence of propylene glycol in hospitalized patients emphasizes the importance of being able to identify\r\nboth ethylene glycol and propylene glycol by chromatographic methods....
The objective of the present study was to detect the association of the rs4731702 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum\r\nlipid levels in the Guangxi Mulao and Han populations. A total of 727 subjects of Mulao and 740 subjects of Han Chinese were\r\nincluded. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels were higher in Mulao than in\r\nHan (?? < 0.05). The T allele carriers had higher serum LDL-C and ApoAI levels in Mulao, whereas they had lower high-density\r\nlipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han (?? < 0.05) than the T allele noncarriers. Subgroup\r\nanalyses showed that the T allele carriers had higher HDL-C, LDL-C, and ApoAI levels in Mulao males and lower ApoAI levels\r\nand ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han males than the T allele noncarriers. The subjects with TT genotype in Han females also had\r\nhigher total cholesterol, LDL-C, ApoAI, and ApoB levels than the subjects with CT or CC genotype. Serum lipid parameters were\r\nalso correlated with several environmental factors in both ethnic groups. The differences in the association of KLF14 rs4731702 SNP\r\nand serum lipid levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different gene-environmental interactions....
Background: Ketosis is an important problem for dairy cows production performance. However, it is still little\r\nknown about plasma metabolomics details of dairy ketosis.\r\nResults: A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique was used to investigate plasma metabolic\r\ndifferences in cows that had clinical ketosis (CK, n=22), subclinical ketosis (SK, n=32), or were clinically normal\r\ncontrols (NC, n=22). The endogenous plasma metabolome was measured by chemical derivatization followed by\r\nGC/MS, which led to the detection of 267 variables. A two-sample t-test of 30, 32, and 13 metabolites showed\r\nstatistically significant differences between SK and NC, CK and NC, and CK and SK, respectively. Orthogonal signal\r\ncorrection-partial least-square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that the metabolic patterns of both CK and\r\nSK were mostly similar, with the exception of a few differences. The development of CK and SK involved\r\ndisturbances in many metabolic pathways, mainly including fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism,\r\nglycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. A diagnostic model arbitrary two groups was\r\nconstructed using OPLS-DA and receiverââ?¬â??operator characteristic curves (ROC). Multivariate statistical diagnostics\r\nyielded the 19 potential biomarkers for SK and NC, 31 for CK and NC, and 8 for CK and SK with area under the\r\ncurve (AUC) values. Our results showed the potential biomarkers from CK, SK, and NC, including carbohydrates, fatty\r\nacids, amino acids, even sitosterol and vitamin E isomers, etc. 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid and cis-9-hexadecenoic\r\nacid were closely associated with metabolic perturbations in ketosis as Glc, BHBA and NEFA for dealing with\r\nmetabolic disturbances of ketosis in clinical practice. However, further research is needed to explain changes of\r\n2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, a-aminobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, sitosterol and\r\na-tocopherol in CK and SK, and to reveal differences between CK and SK.\r\nConclusion: Our study shows that some new biomarkers of ketosis from plasma may find new metabolic changes to\r\nhave clinically new utility and significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of ketosis in the future....
Background: Global hypomethylation of repetitive DNA sequences is believed to occur early in tumorigenesis.\r\nThere is a great interest in identifying factors that contribute to global DNA hypomethylation and associated cancer\r\nrisk. We tested the hypothesis that plasma S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) level alone or in combination with genetic\r\nvariation in DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) was associated with global DNA methylation\r\nextent at long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) sequences.\r\nMethods: Plasma SAM level and LINE-1 DNA methylation index were measured using stored blood samples\r\ncollected from 440 healthy Singaporean Chinese adults during 1994-1999. Genetic polymorphisms of 13 loci in\r\nDNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were determined.\r\nResults: LINE-1 methylation index was significantly higher in men than in women (p = 0.001). LINE-1 methylation\r\nindex was positively associated with plasma SAM levels (p = 0.01), with a plateau at approximately 78% of LINE-1\r\nmethylation index (55 nmol/L plasma SAM) in men and 77% methylation index (50 nmol/L plasma SAM) in women.\r\nIn men only, the T allele of DNMT1 rs21124724 was associated with a statistically significantly higher LINE-1\r\nmethylation index (ptrend = 0.001). The DNMT1 rs2114724 genotype modified the association between plasma SAM\r\nand LINE-1 methylation index at low levels of plasma SAM in men.\r\nConclusions: Circulating SAM level was associated with LINE-1 methylation status among healthy Chinese adults.\r\nThe DNMT1 genetic polymorphism may exert a modifying effect on the association between SAM and LINE-1\r\nmethylation status in men, especially when plasma SAM level is low. Our findings support a link between plasma\r\nSAM and global DNA methylation status at LINE-1 sequences....
Background: Data regarding the most efficacious and least toxic schedules for the use of colistin are scarce. The\r\naim of this study was to determine the incidence and the potential risk factors of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity\r\nincluding colistin plasma levels.\r\nMethods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted for over one year in patients receiving\r\nintravenous colistin methanesulfonate sodium (CMS). Blood samples for colistin plasma levels were collected\r\nimmediately before (Cmin) and 30 minutes after CMS infusion (Cmax). Renal function was assessed at baseline, on\r\nday 7 and at the end of treatment (EOT). Severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by the RIFLE (risk, injury,\r\nfailure, loss, and end-stage kidney disease) criteria.\r\nResults: One hundred and two patients met the inclusion criteria. AKI related to CMS treatment on day 7 and at\r\nthe end of treatment (EOT) was observed in 26 (25.5%) and 50 (49.0%) patients, respectively. At day 7, Cmin (OR, 4.63\r\n[2.33-9.20]; P < 0.001) was the only independent predictor of AKI. At EOT, the Charlson score (OR 1.26 [1.01-1.57];\r\nP = 0.036), Cmin (OR 2.14 [1.33-3.42]; P = 0.002), and concomitant treatment with = 2 nephrotoxic drugs (OR 2.61\r\n[1.0-6.8]; P = 0.049) were independent risk factors for AKI. When Cmin was evaluated as a categorical variable, the\r\nbreakpoints that better predicted AKI were 3.33 mg/L (P < 0.001) on day 7 and 2.42 mg/L (P < 0.001) at EOT.\r\nConclusions: When using the RIFLE criteria, colistin-related nephrotoxicity is observed in a high percentage of patients.\r\nCmin levels are predictive of AKI. Patients who receive intravenous colistin should be closely monitored and Cmin might\r\nbe a new useful tool to predict AKI....
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