Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 3 Articles
Natural plant mucilage has gained importance over synthetic ones because of low toxicity, low cost and\r\ngood availability. The objective of the study was to search for a cheap and effective natural raw material\r\nthat can serve as an alternative suspending agent in the formulation of acetaminophen suspension. The\r\nphytochemical and the physicochemical properties of the mucilage of Ipomoea batatas L. were studied.\r\nThe suspending properties of mucilage extract of I. batatas L. were evaluated comparatively with that of\r\nacacia and sodium alginate using model formulations at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/v. The\r\nsuspensions were evaluated for rheological properties, sedimentation profile and stability studies. The\r\nresults showed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, protein, carbohydrate and reducing sugars. The\r\nrheological properties of suspension showed that increase in concentration increased the viscosity of\r\nsuspension, while increase in temperature did not significantly increased the viscosity of suspension (p\r\n< 0.05). The order of stability of suspension in terms of sedimentation profile ranked thus: E (20% w/v\r\npotato starch) > D (15% w/v potato starch) > F (10% w/v sodium alginate) > C (10% w/v potato starch) >\r\nB (5% w/v potato starch). These results indicate that mucilage from I. batatas L. in acetaminophen\r\nsuspension has low sedimentation rate, medium viscosity and easily dispersible and can therefore\r\nserve as suspending agent in formulations of suspensions of sparingly soluble drugs....
The objective of the research was to understand and improve the unusual physical and atomization properties of the\r\ncomplexes/adhesives derived from the tapioca starch by addition of borate and urea. The characterization of physical properties\r\nof the synthesized adhesives was carried out by determining the effect of temperature, shear rate, and mass concentration of\r\nthickener/stabilizer on the complex viscosity, density, and surface tension. In later stage, phenomenological analyses of spray jet\r\nbreakup of heated complexeswere performed in still air.Using a high speed digital camera, the jet breakup dynamicswere visualized\r\nas a function of the system input parameters.Thefurther analysis of the grabbed images confirmed the strong influence of the input\r\nprocessing parameters on full cone spray patternation. It was also predicted that the heated starch adhesive solutions generate a\r\ndispersed spray pattern by utilizing the partial evaporation of the spraying medium. Below 40�°C of heating temperature, the radial\r\nspray cone width and angle did not vary significantly with increasing Reynolds andWeber numbers at early injection phases leading\r\nto increased macroscopic spray propagation.The discharge coefficient, mean flow rate, and mean flow velocity were significantly\r\ninfluenced by the load pressure but less affected by the temperature....
Chitosan is a cationic polymer of natural origin and has been widely explored as a pharmaceutical excipient for a broad\r\nrange of biomedical applications. While generally considered safe and biocompatible, chitosan has the ability to induce\r\ninflammatory reactions, which varies with the physical and chemical properties. We hypothesized that the previously\r\nreported zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC) derivative had relatively low pro-inflammatory potential because of the aqueous\r\nsolubility and reduced amine content. To test this, we compared various chitosans with different aqueous solubilities or\r\nprimary amine contents with respect to the intraperitoneal (IP) biocompatibility and the propensity to induce proinflammatory\r\ncytokine production from macrophages. ZWC was relatively well tolerated in ICR mice after IP administration\r\nand had no pro-inflammatory effect on nai�¨ve macrophages. Comparison with other chitosans indicates that these\r\nproperties are mainly due to the aqueous solubility at neutral pH and relatively low molecular weight of ZWC. Interestingly,\r\nZWC had a unique ability to suppress cytokine/chemokine production in macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide\r\n(LPS). This effect is likely due to the strong affinity of ZWC to LPS, which inactivates the pro-inflammatory function of LPS,\r\nand appears to be related to the reduced amine content. Our finding warrants further investigation of ZWC as a functional\r\nbiomaterial....
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