Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 8 Articles
Effective and validated animal models are valuable to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutics for\nhuman diseases. There is much concern for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in that it affects substantial number of\nworking population all around the world, resulting in visual deterioration and social deprivation. In this review, we\ndiscuss animal models of DR based on different species of animals from zebrafish to monkeys and prerequisites for\nanimal models. Despite criticisms on imprudent use of laboratory animals, we hope that animal models of DR will\nbe appropriately utilized to deepen our understanding on the pathogenesis of DR and to support our struggle to\nfind novel therapeutics against catastrophic visual loss from DR....
Objective. To evaluate the characteristics and antiangiogenic effects of endostatin-loaded PAMAM on endometriosis in a\nnoninvasive animal model. Materials and Methods. A noninvasive animal model was established by injecting adenovirus-GFP\ntransfected endometrial stromal and glandular epithelial cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Endostatin-loaded PAMAM was\nprepared and identified by transmission electron microscopy. For in vitro studies, the DNA protection and cytotoxicity of PAMAM\nwere investigated and compared with Lipofectamine 2000. For in vivo study, endostatin-loaded PAMAM was injected into the\nnoninvasive model and evaluated by continuously observing the fluorescent lesion, lesion weight, microvessel density and VEGF\nimmunostaining. Results. Compared with Lipofectamine 2000, PAMAM and HC PAMAM-ES group,MC PAMAM-ES group and\nLC PAMAM-ES group demonstrated a better stromal cells protective such thatMC PAMAM-ES group of CCK8 was 0.617�± 0.122 at\n24 hr and 0.668 �± 0.143 at 48 hr and LC PAMAM-ES group of CCK8 was 0.499 �± 0.103 at 24 hr and 0.610 �± 0.080 at 48 hr in stromal\ncells (P < 0.05) but similar cytotoxicity in glandular epithelial cells in vitro. After 16 hrs of digestion, DNA decreased slightly\nunder the protection of PAMAM. Endostatin-loaded PAMAM of HD PAMAM-ES group and LD PAMAM-ES group inhibited the\ngrowth of the endometriotic lesion in vivo at days 15, 20, 25 and 30 detected by noninvasive observation after injecting one dose\nendostatin of various medicines into the endometrial lesion in each mouse on day 10 (P < 0.05) and confirmed by lesion weight\nat day 30 with HD PAMAM-ES group being 0.0104 �± 0.0077 g and LD PAMAM-ES group being 0.0140 �± 0.0097 g (P < 0.05).\nImmunohistochemistry results showed that endostatin-loaded PAMAMreduced the microvessel density 3.8 �± 2.4 especially in HD\nPAMAM-ES group in the lesion (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Endostatin-loaded PAMAM inhibits the development of endometriosis\nthrough an antiangiogenic mechanism and can be observed through the noninvasive endometriosis model....
The effect of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet product, on the healing of experimental articular\ncartilage lesions was evaluated in an animal model. Full thickness cartilage lesions with a diameter of 6mmand depth of 5mmwere\ncreated in the weight bearing area of femoral condyles of both hind limbs in 12 adult mixed breed dogs. Defects in the left hind limb\nof each dog were repaired by PRF implantation whereas those in the right hind limb were left empty. The animals were euthanized\nat 4, 16, and 24 weeks following surgery and the resultant repair tissue was investigated macroscopically and microscopically. The\nresults of macroscopic and histological evaluations indicated that there were significant differences between the PRF treated and\nuntreated defects. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the use of platelet rich fibrin as a source of autologous growth\nfactors leads to improvement in articular cartilage repair....
Hip joint dysplasia is a deformation of the articular elements (pelvic acetabulum, head of the femur, and/or ligament of the head of\nthe femur) leading to laxity of the hip components and dislocation of the femoral head from the pelvic acetabulum. Diagnosis\nis based on symptoms observed during clinical and radiological examinations. There are two treatment options: conservative\nand surgical. The classic surgical procedures are juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS), triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), total hip\nreplacement (THR), and femoral head and neck resection (FHNE).Theaimof this experiment was to present an original technique\nof filling the acetabulum with a polypropylene implant, resting the femoral neck directly on the mesh. The experiment was\nperformed on eight sheep.The clinical value of the newsurgical technique was evaluated using clinical, radiological, and histological\nmethods. This technique helps decrease the loss of limb length by supporting the femoral neck on the mesh equivalent to the femoral\nhead. It also reduces joint pain and leads to the formation of stable and mobile pseudarthrosis.Themesh manifested osteoprotective\nproperties and enabled the formation of a stiff-elastic connection within the hip joint. The method is very cost-effective and the\ntechnique itself is simple to perform....
Gore Bio-Ahas been reported to be an ideal synthetic bioabsorbable scaffoldmaterial for hernia repair.The purpose of this studywas\nto determine the effectiveness of Gore Bio-A in soft tissue augmentation. SixNew Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. Five\nsubcutaneous pockets were created on the back of the rabbit, and 20Ã?â??20mm sized square shaped Gore Bio-A sheets, each 1.5 mm,\n3 mm, 4.5 mm, 6 mm, and 7.5mm in thickness, were implanted into each pocket (1 layer to 5 layers). To analyze the morphologic\nand histologic changes, the implants were harvested 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. Following the gross analysis, absorption\nrate was accelerated with increased implant duration and decreased thickness. Histological analysis of the implants demonstrated\nprogressive neovascularization, fibroblast infiltration, and neocollagenation over time. Six months after implantation, Gore Bio-A\nwas almost absorbed and degenerated, notmaintaining its volume. Based on this study, Gore Bio-A was revealed as a biocompatible\nmaterial; however, it is not suitable for soft tissue augmentation because it is absorbed in the process of changing into soft tissue\nwithout maintaining its own volume. Therefore, this material is incomplete and needs more study to overcome this limitation....
A new series of thiazole, pyrimidine and piperazine derivatives were tested for their in-vitro cytotoxicity activity against two cancer cell lines HeLa and HL60 and one normal cell line HEK293 by XTT assay method. Amongst the thiazole derivatives, one compound out of seven showed maximum activity (IC50 1.589 µM) against HL60 cell line. Amongst the pyrimidine derivatives, one compound out of five exhibited maximum activity (IC50 1.373 µM) against HeLa cell line. Amongst the piperazine derivatives, one compound out of four showed maximum activity (IC50 1.675 µM) against HeLa cell line. None of the above compounds exhibited cytotoxicity activity to the normal cells that is HEK293 cells (Human Kidney) in the compound concentration range of 5 nM to 100 µM....
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cell or irritants. The severe side effects of steroidal and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs evoked the developments of potent anti-inflammatory drugs from natural products. Various molecules have been isolated from the plants which have been proven very effective in such condition. Hence, in the present review the various in-vitro models used for preclinical screening of anti-inflammatory activity of various natural products was compiled. RBC membrane stabilization method, protein denaturation method, proteinase inhibitory activity, anti-lipoxygenase activity, anti-cyclooxygenase assay, xanthine oxidase assay, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay, conjugated diene assay and ß - glucuronidase inhibition assay are frequently used to test in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Whereas HRBC, protein denaturation method and proteinase inhibitory activity are the most repeatedly used methods....
The comet assay is a simple and cost effective technique, commonly used to analyze\nand quantify DNA damage in individual cells. The versatility of the comet assay allows\nintroduction of various modifications to the basic technique. The difference in the\nmethylation sensitivity of the isoschizomeric restriction enzymes HpaII and MspI are used\nto demonstrate the ability of the comet assay to measure the global DNA methylation level\nof individual cells when using cell cultures. In the experiments described here, a mediumthroughput\ncomet assay and methylation sensitive comet assay are combined to produce\na methylation sensitive medium-throughput comet assay to measure changes in the global\nDNA methylation pattern in individual cells under various growth conditions....
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