Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
A sensitive, precise and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\nmethod coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed and validated\nfor the determination of trace amounts of sinomenine (ng/mL) in minute volumes of\nhuman plasma. Fifty microliter plasma samples were precipitated using methanol to extract\nsinomenine. Separation was carried out on a C18 column with a water and acetonitrile\nmobile phase gradient with formic acid as an additive. The mass spectrometry data were\nobtained in the positive ion mode, and the transition of multiple reactions was monitored at\nm/z 330.2181.0 for sinomenine quantification. The working assay range for sinomenine\nwas linear from 0.1173 to 15.02 ng/mL with the lower limit of quantification of 0.1173 ng/mL.\nThe precision and accuracy of the method was less than 15% in intra-day and inter-day\nexperiments with a matrix effect of less than 6.5%. After validation, the quantitative method was applied to analyze sinomenine levels in human plasma after transdermal\ndelivery of the Zhengqing Fengtongning Injection. The results showed that some samples\ncontained sinomenine within the concentration range 0.4131ââ?¬â??4.407 ng/mL....
The identification of novel biomarkers from human plasma remains a critical\nneed in order to develop and monitor drug therapies for nearly all disease areas. The\ndiscovery of novel plasma biomarkers is, however, significantly hampered by the\ncomplexity and dynamic range of proteins within plasma, as well as the inherent variability\nin composition from patient to patient. In addition, it is widely accepted that most soluble\nplasma biomarkers for diseases such as cancer will be represented by tissue leakage\nproducts, circulating in plasma at low levels. It is therefore necessary to find approaches\nwith the prerequisite level of sensitivity in such a complex biological matrix. Strategies for\nfractionating the plasma proteome have been suggested, but improvements in sensitivity\nare often negated by the resultant process variability. Here we describe an approach using\nmultidimensional chromatography and on-line protein derivatization, which allows for\nhigher sensitivity, whilst minimizing the process variability. In order to evaluate this\nautomated process fully, we demonstrate three levels of processing and compare\nsensitivity, throughput and reproducibility. We demonstrate that high sensitivity analysis of\nthe human plasma proteome is possible down to the low ng/mL or even high pg/mL level\nwith a high degree of technical reproducibility....
Shakuyakukanzoto (SKT) is a kampo medicine\ncomposed of equal proportions of Glycyrrhizae radix\n(G. radix) and Paeoniae radix (P. radix). A double-blind\nstudy reported that SKT significantly ameliorated painful\nmuscle cramp in cirrhosis patients without the typical\nsevere side effects of muscle weakness and central nervous\nsystem (CNS) depression. Previous basic studies reported\nthat SKT and its active components induced relaxation by a\ndirect action on skeletal muscle and that SKT did not depress\nCNS functions; however, why SKT has a lower incidence\nof muscle weakness remains unknown. In the\npresent study, we investigated which components are absorbed\ninto the blood of rats after a single oral administration\nof SKT to identify the active components of SKT.\nWe also investigated the effects of SKT and its components\non the twitch contraction induced by physiological Ca2?\nrelease. Our study demonstrated that SKT and five G. radix\nisolates, which are responsible for the antispasmodic effect\nof SKT, did not inhibit the twitch contraction in contrast to\ndantrolene sodium, a direct-acting peripheral muscle relaxant,\nindicating that the mechanisms of muscle contraction\nof SKT and dantrolene in skeletal muscle differ. These\nfindings suggest that SKT does not reduce the contractile\nforce in skeletal muscle under physiological conditions, i.e., SKT may have a low risk of causing muscle weakness\nin clinical use. Considering that most muscle relaxants and\nanticonvulsants cause various harmful side effects such as\nweakness and CNS depression, SKT appears to have a\nbenign safety profile....
Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Clinical studies show that cationic preparation decreases absorption of various quinolone antibiotics to a great extant. The objective of the study was to develop and validate a simple chromatographic method for estimating moxifloxacin in analytical and bioanalytical samples, along with the study of interaction between moxifloxacin with calcium and iron supplements. Mobile phase developed as acetonitrile: 25 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH 2.5) in ratio 85:15 v/v with flow rate 1 ml/min and detection wavelength 294 nm. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, linearity and range. The peak plasma concentration i.e. Cmax after administration of moxifloxacin was 6.2548 μg/ml at 180 min (Tmax). The Cmax of moxifloxacin administered along with calcium supplement and iron supplement were found to be 3.2459 and 3.9543 μg/ml respectively. The AUC of bioavailability curve was decrease to 44 and 31% due to calcium and iron presence respectively. This reduction in moxifloxacin bioavailability suggests that cations may forms complex with moxifloxacin leads to the decrease in bioavailability. This food supplement-drug interaction rat model may be useful in prediction of potential food-drug interactions in humans and also can be utilized as a preclinical tool for interaction study....
Objective. Previous studies have investigated the relationships between osteopontin gene polymorphism rs1126616 and OPN levels\nand urolithiasis, but the results were controversial. Our study aimed to clarify such relationships. Methods. A meta-analysis\nwas performed by searching the databases Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant studies. Crude odds ratios (ORs)\nor standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association.\nPublication bias was estimated using Begg�s funnel plots and Egger�s regression test. Results. Overall, a significantly increased risk\nof urolithiasis was associated with OPN gene polymorphism rs1126616 for all the genetic models except recessive model. When\nstratified by ethnicity, the results were significant only in Turkish populations. For OPN level association, a low OPN level was\ndetected in the urine of urolithiasis patients in large sample size subgroup. Results also indicated that urolithiasis patients have lower\nOPN level in serum than normal controls. Conclusion. This meta-analysis revealed that the T allele of OPN gene polymorphism\nincreased susceptibility to urolithiasis. Moreover, significantly lower OPN levels were detected in urine and serum of urolithiasis\npatients than normal controls, thereby indicating that OPN has important functions in the progression of urolithiasis....
Aim: To examine the association of serum lipids, lipid ratios with Chronic\nKidney Disease (CKD) in a Chinese population. Methods: Data were drawn from a\ncross-sectional survey in China. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate\n(eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or albuminuria-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g.\nMultivariable logistic regressions and multivariate regression models were used. Serum\nlipids and lipid ratios included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density\nlipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),\nTG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Results: In men, only\nlogarithm-transformed (log) TG was associated with CKD. The odds ratio (every SD\nincrement) was 1.39 (95% CI 1.03ââ?¬â??1.87, P = 0.03). In women, none of the serum lipids\nand lipid ratios was associated with CKD. Using multivariate regression models, it was shown that log TG and log TG/HDL-C were negatively correlated with eGFR (P < 0.05) in\nmen and LDL-C and log LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were correlated with ACR in men. In female\nsubjects, serum TC, log TG, log TG/HDL-C and log TC/HDL-C were negatively\ncorrelated with eGFR (P < 0.05). All of serum lipid profiles and lipid related ratio were not\ncorrelated with ACR in women. Conclusion: Serum TG is the only suitable predictor for\nCKD in men. However, in women, none of serum lipids and lipid ratio can be used as a\npredictor for CKD. Log TG and log TG/HDL-C are negatively correlated with eGFR in\nboth genders....
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