Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2010 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 11 Articles
The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate a novel gelatinized tableting excipient using a mixture of banana starch and Starch 1500. Recently Banana starch has been studied as a direct compression adjuvants for oral tablet dosage forms. Direct compression Paracetamol tablets prepared using Partially pregelatinized banana starch and starch 1500 met the requirements of uniformity of weight, assay, friability, hardness, disintegration time (DT) and in vitro drug release. Novel Pregelatinized banana starch showed adequate binding and disintegrating characteristics. We were made D.C. Paracetamol tablet matrix containing modified banana starch-starch 1500 mixtures and studied their possible erosion-diffusion mechanism and release rate in dissolution tests which was found to be similar to that of the Starch 1500 matrix. In conclusion, the spray-dried granules prepared with Novel banana starch and Starch 1500 showed excellent flow properties and were suitable for tableting....
Problems related to safety, efficacy & quality of medicines exists in many places around the world today, not just developing countries but in developed countries as well. Counterfeiting can apply to both branded and generic products and counterfeit products include products with correct ingredients or with fake packaging. Counterfeit drugs may lead to death in severe cases such as heart attack, epilepsy, angina pectoris, in such condition anti-counterfeit drugs acts as weapon to avoid tragedy. It is very difficult to identify counterfeits from genuine products. Hence anti-counterfeit packaging techniques such as 2-D barcodes, holograms & RFID can be used to protect patient from counterfeit medicines....
Telmisartan (TEL) is having poor and pH-dependent water solubility. The present study describes the preparation of binary and ternary solid dispersions of TEL designed to improve its dissolution profile in water. The solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of solid dispersions. The effect of incorporation of alkalizers (magnesium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, and sodium citrate dihydrate) on the properties TEL solid dispersions (SD) in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) has been investigated. The physicochemical properties of the various SD systems were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Powder X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (PXRD). The results from dissolution studies, performed according to the USP II paddle method, indicated that the ternary SD containing magnesium carbonate as the alkalizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the drug dissolution rate in water and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as compared to TEL alone. It was evident that the magnesium carbonate in PEG6000 based SDs synergistically enhanced dissolution of TEL by changing drug crystallinity towards an amorphous form via molecular interactions....
Recent decades have seen tremendous strides in the designing of novel dosage forms, but tablets still remain an attractive option for pharmaceutical scientists and clinicians because they offer advantages of accurate unit-dosing, better patient compliance, ease of large-scale manufacturing, and low production cost. Tablet manufacturing has been changed by the introduction of the direct-compression process and high-speed machines. These two developments have increased the demands on the functionality of excipients in terms of flow and compression properties. Excipients combinations using co-processing, by virtue of sub-particle modifications, has provided an attractive tool for developing high functionality excipients that are suited to modern tablet manufacturing processes....
The demand for mouth dissolving tablets has been growing, during the last decade especially for geriatric and pediatric patients because of swallowing difficulties. Domperidone, an antiemetic drug, has been used as an add on treatment in adults and children. As precision of dosing and patient’s compliance become important prerequisite for quick relief from emesis, there is a need to develop a formulation for this drug which overcomes problems such as difficulty in swallowing, inconvenience in administration while traveling and better compliance. Hence aim of this study is to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of Domperidone by wet granulation. In the present research study, Sodium Starch Glycolate, was taken as super disintegrant and starch paste as a binder for the study The disintegrant incorporated during the wet granulation process as extragranular incorporation.Different concentration of Sodium Starch Glycolate, and starch paste as a binder prepared and combine effect was observed. All formulations were evaluated for characteristics such as hardness, friability, disintegration time and Dissolution rate. An effective, pleasant tasting formulation was found to have a good hardness of 3 kg/cm2, dispersion time of 31 seconds and in vitro drug release of not less than 99% within 30 minutes. The drug release was found to be comparable with the marketed dispersible tablet....
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of compression force on release rate characteristics of paracetamol tablets which were prepared by wet granulation method using PVP-K30 as binding agent. Compression properties of the formulations were assessed by compression equation of Heckles. The mechanical properties of the formulations were evaluated using crushing strength and friability, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration and in vitro release studies. The drug release properties of the tablets formed were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for one hour using United States Pharmacopoeia USP 2 (paddle-type dissolution apparatus) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as dissolution media. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with first order equation. The results indicated that Tablet formulations containing PVP-K30 as binder with compression force of 3kg/cm2 showed greater percentage drug release compared to 4.5 kg/cm2 and 7 kg/cm2....
The study was aimed to formulate fast disintegrating of piroxicam by using superdisintegrants. Development of oral fast disintegrating drug delivery is to give fast relief and also to overcome difficulty in swallowing tablets that leads to non-compliance and ineffective therapy. Piroxicam fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by using direct compression method and were characterized for both pre-compression and post-compression physical parameters. From the in-vitro drug release studies the optimized formulation showed fast drug release (above 99%) within the 15 minutes when compared with conventional tablet prepared in a similar manner with normal disintegrating agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study was carried out to understand the drug-polymer compatibility and revealed that there was no possible interaction between them. Thus usage of superdisintegrants to develope fast disintegrating tablets may be suitable to give rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action....
The aim of this study was to develop a pH-sensitive chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based controlled drug release system for repaglinide. The hydrogels were synthesised by crosslinking chitosan and PVP blend with glutaraldehyde to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). These semi-IPNs were studied for their content uniformity, swelling index (SI), mucoadhesion, wettability, in vitro release and their release kinetics. The hydrogels showed more than 95% loading of repaglinide. These hydrogels showed high swelling and mucoadhesion under acidic conditions. The swelling was found due to the protonation of a primary amino group on chitosan. In acidic condition chitosan was ionized, and adhesion occurred between the positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged mucus. In the physiological condition less swelling was noticed. In vitro release study revealed that formulation containing chitosan (2% w/v) and PVP (4% w/v) in the ratio of 14:6 w/w showed complete drug release after 12h. Release profile showed that all the formulations followed non-fickian diffusion mechanism (diffusion coupled with swelling). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed proper crosslinking of polymer and formation of semi-IPN as well as presence of drug in the formulation. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (p-XRD) study revealed the presence of repaglinide in crystalline form in the formulations. The surface morphology of semi-IPN was studied before and after dissolution in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) which indicated generation of open channel-like structure in hydrogel after dissolution. The results of study suggest that semi-IPNs of Chitosan/PVP are potent candidates for delivery of repaglinide in acidic environment....
The major drawback of poorly water soluble drugs will be their therapeutic application and efficacy as an oral dosage form is their very low aqueous solubility because of their hydrophobic nature. An attempt to improve the solubility and therapeutic efficacy of an oral anti-diabetic (Nateglinide) by preparing inclusion complexes with �Ÿ-CD in various ratios (C1-1:1 Nateglinide: �Ÿ-CD, C2-1:2 Nateglinide: �Ÿ-CD, C3-1:3 Nateglinide: �Ÿ-CD) using Kneading method. Prepared inclusion complexes were evaluated by LC-MS, XRD, HPLC, DSC, HPTLC and NMR. After evaluations of all the prepared inclusion complexes were subjected to in-vivo study, among all prepared inclusion complex C1 showed the best release pattern....
Prevalence and abundance of pharmaceutically important fungi in P. monodon culture ponds of two culture periods (2008-2009) were investigated. Studies on the kinds and dynamics of fungi related with Penaeus monodon culture system have revealed the presence of 17 species associated with post larvae, food sources, shrimp culture pond water, sediment and sea water sediments. Eleven types of fungi were isolated from microencapsulated feed, live feed Artemia nauplii, Monodon baculovirus (MBV) infected and uninfected post larvae and post larval rearing water in 5 different hatcheries located at East coast of India. The fungi with biomedical potentials such as Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Trichoderma spp., Cladosporium spp., Microsporum spp. and Mucor spp. were more prevalent in water and sediment samples from shrimp culture system and source seawater area. Species of Aspergillus, Curvularia spp., Drechslera spp. were more abundant in feed samples. The species of Aspergillus were more dominant in almost all samples collected from shrimp culture hatcheries and pond, Fusarium spp. and Lagenidium spp. which are the potential pathogens of shrimp were not observed throughout the period of study. The fungi isolated from present study have enormous potential in pharmaceutical industries and biological activities of fungi isolates were discussed in detail....
Abstracts: The in-depth characterization of excipients is a prerequisite for their safe application in pharmaceutical products. In case of excipients, this task can be a challenge, since many industrial products are mixtures of variable composition. The most important part of a medicine as far as its weight is concerned, is constituted by its excipients, which have the important function of guaranteeing the dosage, stability and bioavailabilityity of the tablet dosage form. The humble tablet dosage form still accounts for more than 80% of all dosage forms administered to man. This review will outline the various excipients that have been used as fillers in direct compression formulations, with particular emphasis on what is expected from such excipients in terms of their functionality. It is intended that this overview (which is by no means exhaustive) will serve as an ‘aidememoire’ to the formulation scientist. The quality of medicines depends not only on the active principles and production processes, but also the performance of the excipients. It is a remarkable fact that, in the new millennium, tablets still account for more than 75% of all dosage forms administered to man. the principal reasons for their continued popularity include their ease of manufacture, their convenience of dosing, and their stability compared with liquid and semi-solid presentations. Pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms have been used widely for decades mainly due to their convenience of administration and their suitability for delivery of drugs for systemic effects. The most commonly used dosage form for pharmaceutical preparations is currently the tablet, available in various forms and administered orally. The advantages of this dosage form are manifold: tablets are cost effective to manufacture, convenient to dispense and store, and easy for the patient to administer, and they provide a versatile means of delivering the drug. Release of drug from the tablet can be controlled by altering the design and content of the formulation. Also, since this is a dry dosage form, tablets provide a supportive environment for drug stability and generally have a relatively long shelf life. Tablets are manufactured by applying pressure to a powder bed, which compresses the powder into a coherent compact. The powder may consist of either primary particles or aggregated primary particles (i.e. granules). When these are compressed, bonds are established between the particles or granules, thus conferring a certain mechanical strength to the compact....
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