Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Precision oncology leverages the molecular and genetic characteristics of tumors to enable accurate diagnosis and effective treatment selection. However, recent clinical trials have highlighted the limitations of current approaches and underscored the need to integrate static molecular profiling with functional analyses using patient- derived xenograft (PDX) models— particularly for cancers such as head and neck cancer (HNC), where driver mutations are rare and prognosis remains poor. Methods: Here, we aimed to establish a large- scale PDX library for HNC, termed the Fujita Xenograft Library (FXeL), annotated with detailed clinical information. Since 2022, tumor specimens from over 100 surgical cases at Fujita Health University Hospital have been transplanted into immunodeficient mice, resulting in the successful establishment of 62 PDX models. Results: Advanced clinical stage was significantly associated with successful engraftment, and serial passaging led to progressively accelerated tumor growth. Comparative analyses of genomic profiles between patient tumors and PDXs demonstrated that major cancer- related mutations were largely preserved in PDXs, while clonal selection and evolution occurred during engraftment. Histopathological features, including keratinization and nuclear atypia, were retained, whereas stromal components such as cancer- associated fibroblasts exhibited compositional shifts. Furthermore, drug sensitivity assays revealed that PDX responses to cisplatin (CDDP) closely mirrored the clinical outcomes of the corresponding patients. Conclusions: The FXeL represents a robust and scalable platform for investigating HNC biology and therapeutic response. Despite limitations such as stromal remodeling and the absence of an immune microenvironment, these models provide valuable translational insights and support the advancement of functional precision oncology....
Introduction: Radioresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) poses a major therapeutic challenge. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is overexpressed in aggressive PCa and may contribute to resistance mechanisms. This study evaluated the role of Gal-3 in radioresistance and assessed the effect of its pharmacological inhibition using GB1107. Methods: Parental (22RV1-P) and radioresistant (22RV1-RR) PCa cell lines were treated with GB1107. Western blotting assessed Gal-3 and Protein Phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) expression. Cell viability (PrestoBlue™), migration (wound assay), and clonogenic survival post-irradiation were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Gal-3 was significantly upregulated in 22RV1-RR cells (p = 0.0237). GB1107 reduced viability and impaired migration in both cell lines. Radiosensitisation was observed in 22RV1-P cells (p < 0.0001) but was not significant in 22RV1-RR cells (p = 0.1258). A non-significant increase in PP1α expression was detected in RR cells. Conclusion: Gal-3 contributes to radioresistance. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of PP1α and optimise Gal-3-targeted strategies....
Cutaneous oncology is undergoing a major transformation driven by advances in tumour biology, immunotherapy, targeted agents, and locoregional technologies. Although surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment for most skin cancers, an increasing proportion of patients present with high-risk, locally advanced, recurrent, or biologically aggressive disease that challenges a surgery-only paradigm. In this evolving landscape, dermatologic surgery has transitioned from a standalone intervention to a central component of integrated precision oncology. This narrative review provides a clinically oriented synthesis of recent innovations in cutaneous oncology and dermatologic surgery, with a focus on risk-adapted surgical decision-making and multidisciplinary treatment sequencing. We examine the evolving role of margin-controlled and function-preserving techniques, particularly Mohs micrographic surgery, and define clinical scenarios in which standard excision, Mohs surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, or combined approaches are preferred. Quantitative outcome data from pivotal trials are incorporated where available, including local control, recurrence risk, response rates, and survival outcomes. Across major cutaneous malignancies—basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and selected rare tumours—we discuss how targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, and locoregional treatments are increasingly integrated with surgery in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, consolidative, and salvage settings. Particular attention is given to treatment-related toxicities, patient selection, and the implications of systemic therapy on surgical timing, reconstruction, and morbidity. High-risk populations, including immunosuppressed patients, are specifically addressed. By outlining adaptive therapeutic algorithms and emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration, this review highlights the expanding role of the dermatologic surgeon in modern oncology. Surgery remains indispensable for local control and cure; however, its greatest impact now lies in strategic integration with systemic and locoregional therapies to optimise oncologic outcomes, preserve function, and deliver personalised, patient-centred care....
Introduction: Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, has significantly improved outcomes in patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer. While its efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, real-world comparative data between first-line (1L) and second-line (2L) use remain limited. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 55 patients treated with palbociclib between January 2020 and June 2024. Patients were classified into a first-line group (n = 30; palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitor) and a second-line group (n = 25; palbociclib plus fulvestrant). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The mean age was 52.4 years. Median PFS was significantly longer in the first-line group compared with the second-line group (19 vs. 8 months; p < 0.001). Overall survival was also superior in the first-line group (36.8 vs. 25.5 months; p = 0.001). The objective response rate was higher in first-line treatment (39% vs. 22%; p = 0.03). The safety profile was acceptable and consistent with previously published clinical trials and real-world data. Conclusion: This realworld study supports the superiority of palbociclib when used in the first-line setting, reinforcing the benefit of early CDK4/6 inhibitor integration in the treatment sequence....
Background: The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) has recently emerged as a novel prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, particularly in patients receiving immunotherapy. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially in non-metastatic and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated patients, remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 153 patients diagnosed with RCC between 2012 and 2024 were analyzed. Prognostic scores including LIPI, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) scores were calculated. The patients were stratified into risk groups (good, intermediate, and poor) based on these scores. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods. Correlations between scoring systems were assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: The median follow-up was 29.1 months. A total of 55 (35.9%) patients had metastases at diagnosis. LIPI was significantly associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.05). In the multivariate Cox analysis, LIPI remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Strong positive correlations were found between LIPI and both IMDC and MSKCC scores (r > 0.6, p < 0.001). Notably, LIPI demonstrated prognostic relevance even in patients treated with TKIs. Conclusions: LIPI is a simple and accessible prognostic tool that provides significant survival stratification in RCC patients. Its predictive utility extends beyond immunotherapy cohorts, indicating potential value in broader RCC management. Integration of LIPI into current prognostic models may improve individualized treatment approaches....
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