Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Bone remodeling is a dynamic process involving bone resorption and formation that is regulated on a cellular level and impacted by mechanical stress. A variety of Orthopedic surgery treatment strategies can affect bone remodeling, which can in turn may have long-term impacts on skeletal stress tolerance and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bone remodeling involved in Orthopedic surgery. Materials related to bone remodeling principles across Orthopedic surgery domains were selected and compiled using databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, AccessMedicine, and CINAHL; case studies were not included. Relevant literature was summarized for a general review of bone remodeling and as it relates to treatment principles in trauma, arthroplasty, and amputation with the aim of providing a relevant, comprehensive review. Overall, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of bone remodeling principles that are implicated in various techniques within Orthopedic surgery....
Exoscopic systems are increasingly used as an alternative to the operating microscope in microsurgical reconstruction, offering high-definition visualisation, shared operative viewing, and greater flexibility in surgeon positioning. This retrospective case series describes the use of exoscopic visualisation during microsurgical reconstruction in five illustrative head and neck and reconstructive cases. Different commercially available exoscopic platforms were utilised, and feasibility, workflow integration, and surgeon-perceived ergonomic aspects were assessed descriptively. Exoscopic visualisation was feasible for completion of microvascular anastomoses across a range of complex reconstructions. From the surgeons’ perspective, exoscopy allowed a more flexible working posture during prolonged microsurgical tasks and may offer advantages in training environments, particularly for junior surgeons. Further studies incorporating objective outcome measures are required to better define the role of exoscopy in microsurgical practice....
Background: Gastric cancer remains a major public health challenge in lowand middle-income countries, where late-stage diagnosis and limited access to specialized surgical oncology care adversely affect outcomes. Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment; however, data on access to surgical management and survival in West Africa are scarce. This study aimed to assess access to surgical treatment and survival outcomes among patients with gastric cancer managed in referral hospitals in southern Benin. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a nine-year period (January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021) in three tertiary hospitals in the Littoral Department of Benin. All patients who underwent surgery for histologically confirmed gastric cancer were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, diagnostic work-up, tumor stage (UICC TNM 2016), surgical procedures, and outcomes were analyzed. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among 114 identified cases of gastric cancer, 52 patients (45.6%) underwent surgical intervention. The mean age was 57.2 ± 12.3 years, with a male predominance (61.5%). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 92.3% of cases, while staging computed tomography was available in 55.8%. Tumors were predominantly distal, involving the antrum or antropyloric region in 86.5% of patients. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type (97.4%). Most tumors were diagnosed at an advanced stage (T4: 71.2%; stage III: 57.7%). Partial gastrectomy was the most commonly performed procedure (57.7%), whereas palliative procedures accounted for a substantial proportion of cases. Surgical management was compliant with international oncologic recommendations in 65.4% of patients. Among the 18 patients with available follow-up data, the median overall survival was 6 months. Conclusion: In southern Benin, gastric cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in low resectability rates and poor survival outcomes. Surgery remains the central component of treatment but is often limited to palliative intent due to delayed presentation. Improving early diagnosis, accurate staging, and access to standardized surgical oncology care is essential to increase curative resection rates and improve survival in this setting....
Iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis accounts for a significant proportion of unilateral sinus infections. This report describes a 36-year-old HIV-positive patient with Serratia marcescens chronic left maxillary sinusitis and ethmoiditis caused by migration of a dental implant into the maxillary sinus. The implant was successfully removed endoscopically via functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Histopathological examination revealed polypoid mucosa with chronic inflammation, while microbiological culture grew Serratia marcescens, an uncommon and opportunistic pathogen. Targeted antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was administered for 20 days. Six-month follow-up revealed complete remission without recurrence of sinusitis....
Background: Breast surgery, both aesthetic and reconstructive, has evolved significantly over the years. Postoperative care is vital for patient recovery, with surgical dressings playing a crucial role in minimizing complications, including infections and bleeding. This review aims to evaluate the safety, comfort, and effectiveness of different durations for wearing surgical dressings after breast surgery. It also explores the use of negative pressure wound dressings and postoperative bras to enhance surgical outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature published from 2003 to 2024. Studies focusing on breast dressing techniques after mammary reconstruction and aesthetic surgery in plastic surgery were included. Results: Of 1503 initially identified articles, 12 were deemed relevant and included in this review. The findings suggest that prolonged dressing wear, up to 6 days postsurgery, may reduce cutaneous colonization without affecting infection rates in aesthetic breast surgery. Additionally, negative pressure wound therapy demonstrates promise in reducing overall wound complications and mastectomy flap necrosis. The utilization of specific postoperative bras is shown to improve patient comfort, mobility, and security, contributing to pain reduction and aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions: The lack of consensus on dressing selection and duration calls for further research in breast surgery postoperative care. Extended dressing wear, negative pressure therapy, and customized postoperative bras show potential in reducing complications, providing new avenues to enhance patient outcomes in the field of plastic surgery. Addressing these issues can lead to improved patient satisfaction and surgical results....
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