Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Romania, as an EU member state, supports developing countries to integrate trade into their national development policies, in programs and strategies to reduce poverty by regulations related to technical assistance for the participation of these countries in the negotiation and implementation of the Doha Development Agenda agreements. However, in the period 2007-2013, on average, only 3.67 percent of the total imports of agricultural products from developing countries came from countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. In this context, the present paper intends to investigate the effects exercised by the domestic demand and the RON/EUR exchange rate on the Romania�s agricultural foreign trade with developing countries on the basis of the Vector Autoregressive Model....
Despite the development of the information society and the\nwidespread diffusion of information technology, the disparities\nbetween groups of countries in terms of accessing and using\ninformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are still\nvaluable. This disparity is defined as the term of digital divide.\nAlthough there are several different views about measuring the\ndigital divide, in this study, International Telecommunication\nUnion�s (ITU) ICT key indicators are used to measure the global\ndigital divide. The cross-sectional data are collected for 145\ncountries in the world, for year 2011. One-way ANOVA and\nregression analysis are applied as statistical methods to analyze\nglobal digital divide. According to the results, variables related to\ndevelopment levels, income levels, Organization for Economic Co-\noperation and Development (OECD) membership and continental\ndifferences are highly associated with the digital divide....
Finnish companies have a growing and keen interest in entering the changing and improving Northwestern Russian market. According to the World Bankââ?¬â?¢s rankings for the ease of doing business, Russia ranked at 92 out of 189. The country was however recognized as one of the 29 countries which had improved their rankings in 2012/13 according to reforms in at least 3 of the 10 measured topics. In addition to being ranked in the 50th percentile in the ease of doing business, the Russian business environment and culture must also be considered when deciding to enter a market sector abroad. In understanding the Russian business culture for example, as defined by Hofstedeââ?¬â?¢s cultural dimensions, Russia is described as a culture of high power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and pragmatism meaning that the business culture includes the right personal contacts, bureaucratic business processes, and an orientation where the situation, context, and time have meaning for the outcome of the issue at hand. In other words, the culture and businesses thrive on the network of contacts, understanding the processes and systems, as well as on direct personal communication. In addition to the ease of doing business improving and the cultural differences, development projects in specific must go through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process which has proven to be a market entry barrier into the Northwestern Russian region. It has been found that the EIA process and system in Russia is complex and hard to navigate, even by native developers. The issues of identifying the EIA best practices of the private sector in Northwestern Russia and thus easing the market entry barrier posed by the Russian EIA system and its process for Finnish as well as other international companies looking into entering the Northwestern Russian market are addressed with a toolkit. This toolkit is a free of charge; open, online information service ââ?¬â?? Russia (IS-Russia) designed specifically from the gathered research, feedback, and needs assessment and analysis of Finlandââ?¬â?¢s private sector and thus is specifically designed for the companies....
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of joint audit on earnings conservatism,\nour proxy for audit quality, of companies listed on the Egyptian stock exchange, by examining\nwhether companies audited by two independent auditors are more conservative than\ncompanies audited by a single auditor. In addition, we investigate whether this relationship is\naffected by the type of joint audit regimes (i.e., voluntary versus mandatory), and the mix of\njoint auditors appointed (i.e., two big 4 auditors, or two non-big 4 auditors, or one Big 4\nauditor paired with one non-big 4 auditor). To test our hypotheses, we use a sample of 32\ncompanies listed on the Egyptian stock exchange during the period 2009 through 2013. The\nresults of our multiple regression analyses show that companies audited by joint auditors are\nmore conservative than companies audited by single auditors. However, we find no\nsignificant difference in levels of earnings conservatism between companies audited by joint\nauditors mandatorily and companies audited by joint auditors voluntarily. We also find no\nsignificant difference in levels of earnings conservatism between companies audited by two\nbig4 auditors and companies audited by two non-big4 auditors, or by one big4 auditor paired\nwith one non-big4 auditor....
This paper analyses the impact of trade and financial openness on economic growth in case of some European Union emerging countries using static and dynamic panel data methods. The main findings indicate a positive effect of trade openness on GDP growth while the impact of financial linkages on output synchronization between emerging markets and European Union depends on the state of economy. The impact of financial linkages on output comovements during crises periods is different compared to normal economic states. In the latter case, between regions which know a high degree of financial linkages capital is directed where it is most productive generating output divergence. In opposition, during a crisis period of time, regions which are characterized by increased financial integration, especially through the banking system experience a significant intensification of their economic growth comovement. The impact of trade linkages is more reduced compared with the effect of financial linkages, in both states of the economy. In order to safeguard the benefits of financial and trade integration and to reduce the negative spillovers directed mainly from developed towards emerging economies during financial crisis is of the utmost importance to implement better prudential oversight and policy coordination....
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