Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 8 Articles
The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the lamivudine loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. FTIR studies indicated that there was no chemical interaction between drug and BSA. The yield of the formulation ranged from 59.6-77.3 and loading capacity was 19.8-32.7. The ratio of drug to carrier played significant impact on the release of the drug from the nanoparticles. The in-vitro release data of all the NP’s were fitted with various mathematical models to establish the drug release followed first order kinetics. The nanoparticles obtained were spherical in shape and gave zeta potential -21.8 mv with average particle size of 283.5 nm and average PDI of 0.245. The nanoparticles were stable and appreciable difference was not observed during 90 days stored at 25°C....
Carbomers are polymerized form of acrylic acid monomers. It is widely used in pharmaceutical industry. Polymers has typical properties such as acidity/alkalinity, density, dissociation constant, glass transition temperature, melting point, particle size, moisture content, solubility and viscosity. Carbomers are dispersed in either aqueous or alcoholic solution to form uniform dispersion under stirring. Carbomers need to be neutralizing with alkali to form cross linking between polymers. Swelling of polymers takes place during neutralization. Neutralization increases viscosity of carbomer solution. Carbomers are sold in market with different brand name. Carbomer has applications in solid, liquid and semi-solid dosage forms. Carbomers are available in different grades with different combination with other polymers. Carbomers are used as gelling agents or viscosity modifier in semisolid dosage form or liquid dosage forms. pH of carbomer plays an important role in building viscosity by altering the crosslinking....
The purpose of this study was to prepare a bilayer gastro retentive tablet of nizatidine using direct compression technology and optimize the type and concentration of polymer to give maximum retentive effect with good drug release profile. Nizatidine is having biological half life of 1-2 hr was selected as model drug, as it is competitive inhibitor of histamine at H2- receptors of the gastric parietal cells resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume and hydrogen ion concentration reduced having first pass metabolism, low oral bioavailability, maximum absorption in the upper part of GIT hence it is suitable for gastro retentive system. In this study, a bilayer tablet was prepared which contains an immediate release portion and a floating layer. Immediate release of drug was controlled by superdisintegrant sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and microcrystalline cellulose. For sustain release layer various hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers such as HPMC and carbomer were used. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid used as gas generating agent. The bilayer tablets were characterized by lag time, floating time, weight variation, drug content and dissolution profile. It was concluded on the basis of buoyancy and in-vitro release kinetics that optimized formulation N-3 gave the best in-vitro release of 91.23% in 12 hrs was carried out in 1.2 pH....
Nano porous pharmaceutical aluminum foil have been fabricated, characterized and optimized by using the anodization technique. The two-electrode cell was configured to observe the pore formation in pharmaceutical aluminum foil over a number of parameters such as concentration of alkaline medium for etching reaction, time for etching, concentration of acidic medium, the temperature and voltage for anodization reaction. The reactions were optimized to achieve adequate and uniform pore formation without any pinholes in the pharmaceutical aluminum foil. Etching reaction was best carried out at 1M sodium hydroxide solution for 3 minutes. The rate of etching was found to be dependent on the concentration of alkaline solution and was accountable for final appearance of the aluminum foil. Uniform pore formation was observed when this etched aluminum foil was subjected to 15% sulphuric acid medium and 9V DC current for 30 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of nano pores in the pharmaceutical aluminum foil. The SEM images also revealed that the entire reactions occurred only on the dull surface of the foil leaving the shiny surface of the aluminum foil untouched. The findings on characterization and optimization of nanopores in pharmaceutical aluminum foil were discussed....
The present investigation describes development of floating hydrogels of pantoprazole sodium using hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K100M, HPMC K4M and HPMC E50LV, Sodium alginate as gelling agent, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent using continuous stirring method. Twelve formulations were prepared in this study. Physical observation at room conditions (temp, RH) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) concluded that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipients used. Prepared floating hydrogels were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like pH, gelation studies, viscosity studies, drug content studies, swelling index, floating lag time studies and in-vitro drug release. Dissolution studies were carried out in 0.1 N HCl upto 12 hrs. In this investigation it was confirmed that the release rate from the floating hydrogels which were prepared by HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M shown better controlled release than others. The result of formulation F11 was 98.29% at the end of 12 hrs. All formulations showed non-fickian diffusion controlled zero order kinetics....
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to improve the dissolution properties of famotidine, by utilizing liquisolid technique, which might offer improved bioavailability. The prepared famotidine liquisolid powder were prepared using polyethyleneglycol 200 and cremophor®RH40, as the liquid vehicle. Avicel® PH101 and aerosil® 200, were used as carrier and coating material, respectively. Effect of changing carrier:coat ratio was studied. The degree of crystallinity of the newly formulated famotidine liquisolid powder was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Percent drug dissolved and powder flowability was assessed. The results showed a higher dissolution rates ranging from 81.3% to 98.1% after 2 mins with acceptable flowability....
The objective of the present investigation was to formulate, evaluate and optimize the mouth dissolving film of escitalopram oxalate to achieve quick disintegration and fast release of the drug for depressant and anxiety patients. In the present study, HPMC E15 was used as film forming polymer that showed rapid disintegration time of film in saliva fluid. These formulations were evaluated for the parameters like drug excipient compatibility study, uniformity of weight, thickness, tensile strength, content uniformity, folding endurance, in-vitro drug release and accelerated stability studies. On the basis of preliminary results, the amount of HPMC E15 (X1) and the amount of propylene glycol (X2) were chosen as independent variables in 32 full factorial design, while disintegration time (DT), tensile strength (TS) and cumulative % drug release after 10 min (% CDR) were taken as dependent variables. Multiple linear regression analysis, ANOVA and graphical representation of the influence of factor by contour plots were performed using demo version of Design Expert. Check point batch was prepared to validate the evolved model. In the present study, the following constraints were arbitrarily used for the selection of an optimized batch: DT < 42 sec, TS between 1.0 to 1.2 kg/cm2 and % CDR > 98. Batches F1, F2, F4 and F7 met the selection criteria. Batch F1 showed lowest disintegrating time (40 sec) and more % cumulative drug release (99.58) after 10 min, hence Batch F1 was selected as an optimized batch. The optimized formulation was subjected to ex-vivo study model, histopathology study and accelerated stability study. Skin permeation study of the batch F1 exhibited 95.43% of drug permeation in 10 min. Histopathology study of selected batch film (Batch F1) for film compatibility showed encouraging results depicting no evidence of any inflammation, any foreign body granuloma or any necrosis or hemorrhage and even there were no minor changes in tissue configuration before and after implantation. The optimized batch F1 was found to be stable in the stability evaluation....
The aim of the present investigation was to investigate the influence of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD; Captisol®) on the dissolution characteristics of poorly water soluble drug diacerein (DAC). Phase solubility studies were conducted in distilled water according to Higuchi and Connors using DAC and different concentrations of SBE-β-CD. The Effect of pH on stability constant (Ks) was investigated. The kneaded binary products of DAC and SBE-β-CD were prepared using different solvents and different ratios of DAC and SBE-β-CD. The formulations were evaluated for drug content, in-vitro dissolution and by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy. Similarity factor (f2) was calculated for comparison of dissolution of DAC from different binary products. Phase solubility studies indicated linear increase in the DAC solubility with increase in SBE-β-CD concentration. Use of 0.1 M HCl (decreased pH) increased the complexation DAC with SBE-β-CD (1.5 fold increase in stability constant) but decreased the solubility (12 fold decrease). In-vitro release studies revealed that dissolution characteristic of DAC was improved by forming its binary products with SBE-β-CD. ATR studies indicated absence of major interactions between DAC and SBE-β-CD in kneaded products. SBE-β-CD provided an effective method to overcome the dissolution challenge for DAC but it does not show significant complexation with DAC by kneading method. pH of the solvent used significantly affect the solubility of DAC and its inclusion in the cavity of SBE-β-CD....
Loading....