Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 8 Articles
Nanotechnology mediated drug transport presents a promising approach for targeted drug delivery owing to its capability of better stability and sustained drug release. Compared with different drug delivery techniques, nanoparticles have distinct advantages in improving the transport of drugs across the nasal mucosa. In the present work galantamine, an acetycholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s selected as model drug for nasal permeation study. Galantamine loaded chitosan and thiolated chitosan nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation method and characterized. Ex-vivo permeation of nanoparticles across nasal epithelium was evaluated by Franz diffusion cell. The polymeric mucoadhesive nanoparticles found to have better permeation across the nasal mucosa as compared to the drug solution....
In order to exploit the potential of gel forming medicinally important polysaccharide, psyllium based cryogels is developed through physical modification. Composite cryogel of psyllium arabinoxylan (Ax) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by freeze thaw cycling. Cryogels were evaluated for pharmaceutical applications by formulating metronidazole loaded mucoadhesive films. Metronidazole loaded arabinoxylan–polyvinylalcohol cryogel films were found to possess good mucoadhesive characteristics which showed increase in mucoadhesive strength with increase in arabinoxylan content in the cryogel. Further, it was also observed that arabinoxylan and polyvinylalcohol cryogel film matrices were able to sustain the release of metronidazole with the release of drug following Higuchi’s release kinetics by combination of polymer relaxation and diffusion through the matrix. On characterization, the Ax-PVA cryogels were found to be thermally more stable and with reduced degree of crytallinity....
The point of this experiment was to develop fast dissolving tablet of glipizide. A combination of super disintegrants, i.e., sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and crosscarmellose sodium (CCS) were used along with camphor as a subliming material. An optimized concentration of camphor was added to aid the porosity of the tablet. A 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of two formulation variables: Amount of SSG and CCS. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and polymer. IR spectroscopy showed that there is no interaction of drug with polymer. In the present study, direct compression was used to prepare the tablets. The powder mixtures were compressed into tablet using flat face multi punch tablet machine. Camphor was sublimed from the tablet by exposing the tablet to vacuum drier at 60°C for 12 hours. All the formulations were evaluated for their characteristics such as average weight, hardness, wetting time, friability, content uniformity, dispersion time (DT) and dissolution rate. An optimized tablet formulation (F9) was found to have good hardness of 3.53±0.06 kg/cm2, wetting time of 44.67±3.06 seconds, DT of 30.33±1.53 seconds and cumulative drug release of not less than 99% in 9 minutes....
The objective of the present investigation was to develop topical gel of nimesulide using model polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M (HPMC K100M) and carbopol 940 at different concentrations individually and in combination. The drug and polymers compatibility study was carried out by FTIR technique. The gels were evaluated for drug content, viscosity, pH, homogenecity, spreadability and in-vitro drug release. The FTIR spectra of drug alone and in physical mixture with polymers did not show any shift in major peaks, which indicates no drug-polymer interaction. All the data obtained from above physicochemical parameters were satisfactory. In-vitro drug release of gels was performed using Franz diffusion cell with cellulose acetate membrane in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as receptor medium. According to the release study, the drug release was decreasing with the increasing polymer concentration in each formulation. The correlation coefficient (R2) values demonstrate that the drug release pattern followed Higuchi model except BTG2 and BTG4. The release exponent (n) values were within 0.78 to 0.98 for all formulations. The above results showed that swelling and diffusion (Non-Fickian diffusion) were the drug release mechanism....
Tacrolimus (TCRLM) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized for their size, polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE). The impact of various processing factors, such as homogenization speed and surfactant concentration on different quality attributes of SLN was studied for selection of best formulation. The TCRLM loaded SLN were further incorporated in gel base and investigated for drug localization in animal skin by in-vitro diffusion cell to check the feasibility for utilization of TCRLM loaded SLN in dermal localization and also compared with marketed conventional formulation for drug localization. Higher drug localization was found in SLN based gel when compared to marketed formulation. This long duration of retention of TCRLM in animal skin proved a drug localization effect through SLN....
Floating drug delivery systems are those systems having bulk density less than that of the gastric fluids and remain buoyant for a prolonged period of time in the stomach without being affected by the gastric emptying rate. This work was concerned with the formulation and in-vitro evaluation of effervescent floating tablets of an antibacterial drug. Levofloxacin hemihydrate is considered to be effective for the treatment of H. pylori. The objective of this study was to improve the bioavailability of the drug with reduction in dosing frequency and side effects. The tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. Six formulations were developed with different concentrations of polymers like xanthan gum and carbopol. FTIR studies showed no evidence on interaction with drug, polymers and excipients. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their precompression parameters, physical characteristics, in-vitro release, buoyancy lag-time and swelling index. The in-vitro drug release profile showed that formulation (F2) which contains carbopol as polymer exhibited 95.89% drug release at the end of 12 hours. The in-vitro release kinetics reveals that the formulation (F2) follows zero order and the mechanism of drug release was non-fickian....
This work endeavors at investigating different types of hydrophilic matrix forming agents, like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC); K4M, K15M and K100M, ethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 to formulate controlled-release matrix tablets containing anti-hypertensive drug nifedipine. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The flow and compression characteristics of the prepared granules were evaluated suitably, where significantly improvements were found by granulation process. The prepared matrix tablets demonstrated good mechanical properties. In-vitro dissolution profile of newly formulated controlled-release tablets were evaluated by United States Pharmacopeia (USP)-33 type II dissolution apparatus and compared accordingly with the standard commercial tablets (Nicardia® Retard Tab). Hydrophilic matrix tablets resulted in sustained in-vitro drug release of 12 hours. Fitting the in-vitro drug release data to release kinetic equation indicated that diffusion along with erosion could be the mechanism of drug release. Dissimilarity and similarity factors of the optimized formulation were found to be 4.46 and 66.84, respectively, indicating close resemblance to that of marketed tablet release profiles. The HPMC and EC based tablet formulations showed high release-retarding efficiency with good reproducibility and stability of the drug release profiles when stored for 90 days in accelerated temperature conditions, suggesting that HPMC and EC are good candidates for preparing modified release nifedipine tablet formulations. In conclusion, the results suggested that the sustained-release matrix tablets of nifedipine can be better dosage forms compared to conventional formulations; thereby resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and enhanced patient compliance....
The choice of proper excipients is one of the key factors for successful formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Increasing number of new therapeutic compounds suffers from poor solubility and/or bioavailability, creating a challenge from the drug formulation point of view. Problems have also been encountered in attempts to formulate biological drugs such as peptides and proteins, considering their sensitivity towards certain production processes and routes of administration. In both cases the choice of the right excipient(s) is essential to provide particular process ability and development of systems with desirable drug delivery kinetics. The aim of this work was to evaluate pharmaceutical applications of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), a renewable, biodegradable and widely available plant based material, as a potential excipient in the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The main focus of the work was to evaluate NFC material for solid dispersion purposes. This goal was successfully achieved by setting up a spray drying method for the production of drug loaded NFC solid dispersion. System was able to fast the drug release over short periods of time. The purpose of this study was to further clarify and fully understand the mechanisms behind the successful performance of NFC. Binding of drugs to NFC due to the electrostatic interactions was observed. This kind of knowledge is beneficial when choosing the proper drug/excipient combination for the formulation process. In conclusion, NFC was shown to be a versatile excipient for the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms, while the comprehensive evaluation of the full potential of NFC in pharmaceutical applications warrants further experiments in the future....
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