Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 9 Articles
Limnanthemum indicum (L. indicum.) is being used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India for treatment of various diseases. No systematic toxicity study for this plant was described. The present study was undertaken to assess the safety use of this plant in traditional practice. The acute oral toxicity study of aqueous extract of Limnanthemum indicum (AELI) was carried out as per the OECD guidelines 423 in mice and the sub-acute toxicity was carried out at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg as per OECD 407 guidelines in male and female rats. Mice administered upto 2000 mg/kg as a single dose orally not caused any signs of toxicity or mortality in mice. In sub-acute toxicity study in rats, AELI at two different daily doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days exhibited significant variation including the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examinations showed abnormal architecture suggesting morphological disturbances. Signs of toxicity were observed for mice in acute oral toxicity studies after administration of AELI at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Death/signs of toxicity were observed after oral administration of 400 mg/kg of AELI in sub-acute toxicity study in rats....
To evaluate anti-convulsant activity of different extracts of Jasminum sambac, Chamomilla capitula, Lilium candidum and Sorghum halpense in rats. The effects of single administration of different preparations of Jasminum sambac, Chamomilla capitula, Lilium candidum, Sorghum halpense were evaluated for their anticonvulsant profile in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) test in rats. The standard drug diazepam (10 mg/kg) was used for comparison. The crude drug of Jasminum sambac, Chamomilla capitula, Lilium candidum, Sorghum halpense (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed mild to moderate anticonvulsant activity. The antiepileptic drugs such as diazepam restored the monoamine levels on brain. Similarly EEJs, EELc, EESh, EECc, EEJSLC significantly increased monoamines levels in forebrain of rats. The anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by MES and PTZ was performed. MES is probably the best validated method for assessment of anti- epileptic drugs in generalized tonic-clonic seizures. EEJSLC extract showed significant increased GABA content in brain dose dependently. This suggests that the anticonvulsant activity of EEJSLC extract is probably through elevation of brain GABA content....
Present study has been conducted to evaluate antiurolithiatic activity of 3 different plants i.e. Nardostachys jatamansi rhizome, Achyranthes aspera L whole plant and Trachyspermum ami fruit and its comparison with formulation developed from that plants. Antiurolithiatic activities of all hydroalcoholic extracts were assessed in-vitro by measuring level of undissolved calcium in each group and in-vivo by analyzing different urine parameters i.e. urine volume, pH, calcium level, phosphate level, creatinine level, oxalate level, magnesium level, uric acid level as well as serum parameters i.e. serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid against ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in male rats. % Dissolution of calcium oxalate in hydroalcoholic extracts of all the 3 plants is higher as compare to negative control. Hydroalcoholic extract of churna shows synergistic effect and having capacity to dissolve more amount of calcium oxalate as compare to individual plants extracts. Cystone was used as standard drug to compare activities of test samples. In-vivo antiurolithiatic activity represent that hydroalcoholic extracts of all the 3 plants decreases levels of all above urine and serum parameters which was increased significantly in rats treated with ethylene glycol only. Synergistic effect observed in rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Churna. The study was also supported by histopathology of kidney sections. Present study reveals that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi rhizome, Achyranthes aspera L. whole plant and Trachyspermum ami fruit could afford a significant antilithiatic activity and hydroalcoholic extract of Churna having better antilithiatic activity as compared to individual plants....
Current clinical trends involve the use of plant based products as therapeutic agents in a wide range of applications. For years, plants are known to possess cytotoxicity against different cancer forms. The present study involved an attempt to explore the cytotoxicity potential of hydroalcoholic flower extract of Butea monosperma on Vero and RAW 264.7 cell line. Traditionally, the flower extract is well known for its antimicrobial, wound healing, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antistress, antiinflammatory activities. To determine in-vitro cytotoxicity of flower extract, different concentrations of crude extract were tested on the above cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The extract showed a significant dose dependent cytotoxic effect against both the cell lines. At lowest concentration 15.625 µg/ml, 8.33% inhibition was exhibited and highest inhibition of 37.29% was observed at concentration 500 µg/ml, respectively in case of RAW 264.7 cells. Against Vero cell lines, the extract demonstrated minimum inhibition of 15.35% at 15.625 µg/ml concentration and maximum inhibition of 50.58% was displayed at 500 µg/ml. The study displayed that the Butea monosperma flower extract exhibited a great potential in exerting a cytotoxic effect on cell lines. The activity may be pronounced due to the presence of active components like chalcones and flavonoids....
To investigate the effect of polyherbal formulation on cigarette smoke extract induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice model. Two formulations A and B were prepared from the methanolic extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa, Eugenia caryophyllus and Elettereria cardamom. The cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (20 µl) was administrated by intranasal route to the mice under anesthesia for inducing COPD. After induction of COPD, the mice were divided for treatment into five groups. Group I was treated with saline only, group II was treated with CSE only, group III was treated with formulation A which was given orally, group IV was treated with formulation B through intranasal route and group V was treated with dexamethasone as standard. Throughout the study the body weights were measured. On 28th day bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) was collected and total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte counts (DLC) were performed. The formulations A and B have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity in COPD. The macrophages and neutrophils count were decreased more for formulation B compared to formulation A. The body weights were increased with formulations A and B treated groups where compared to control group. The study demonstrated that intranasal route has indicated great impact than orally treated group among these two combinations....
Present study has been conducted to evaluate antiasthmatic activity of 3 different plants and its comparison with formulation developed from that plants. Antiasthmatic activity of all hydroalcoholic extracts were assessed in-vitro by study on albino rat mesenteric mast cell degranulation by compound 48/80 and protection by test samples and in-vivo by observing respiratory symptoms and analyzing total and differential leukocyte count in BAL fluid and in blood cell. In-vitro study represents that rat mesentery treated with compound 48/80 showed remarkable disruption of mast cells. While groups treated with Dexamethasone and hydroalcoholic extract of Nardostachys Jatamansi rhizome, Ephedra gerardiana Stem and Terminalia belerica fruit showed less disruption of mast cells and having capacity to protect mast cells degranulation. Hydroalcohic extract of churna (mixture of 3 plants) having more capacity to protect mast cells degranulation and having more numbers of intact mast cells as compared to individual plants. Horse serum sensitized rats showed induced anaphylaxis reaction and mortality. Also the numbers of total leukocyte count as well as differential leukocyte count particularly eosinophil count are significantly elevated. The treatment with test drugs showed a significant (P<0.001) decreased in anaphylaxis reaction. Also decreased the elevated levels of total and differential leukocyte numbers and protect the lung. Present study reveals that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Nardostachys Jatamansi rhizome, Ephedra gerardiana Stem and Terminalia belerica fruit could afford a significant antiasthmatic activity and hydroalcoholic extract of Churna having better antiasthmatic activity as compared to individual plants....
This research was performed to characterize the neuroprotective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Ficus religiosa Linn (MEFR) on alloxan induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). The methanolic extract of leaves of Ficus religiosa at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 28 days. During the treatment period neuropathic pain was assessed in diabetic rats with various painful procedures to assess the degree of thermal, mechanical, cold hyperalgesia and locomotor activity as well as motor co-ordination. The plant extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly restored the reduced body weight and attenuated behavioural alterations. From this study we conclude that methanolic leaf extract of Ficus religiosa exhibits significant neuroprotective activities against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats....
In the present investigation, antioxidant activity of bark extracts of Ficus amplissima Smith. have been reported. The four complementary assays, total antioxidant capacity, total reductive capability, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity result revealed that, the methanol extract showed significant antioxidant property than the aqueous extract. The result of present investigation reveals that the bark of the F. amplissima plant has potential biological activity, therefore suggested for further studies for purification and isolation of active phytoconstituents....
Objective of this research was to study protective effect of methanolic extract of Saraca indica bark (MESI) on doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. The animals were divided in following experimental groups, 5 animals in each. Group I: Vehicle (Distilled water 1 ml/kg, p.o.) for 21 days, Group II: Doxorubicin (DXR) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once, 48 h before sacrifice, Group III: MESI (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days, Group IV: MESI (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days + DXR (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once, 48 h before sacrifice, Group V: MESI (400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days + DXR (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once, 48 h before sacrifice, Group VI: Limarin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days + DXR (60 mg/kg, i.p.) Once, 48 h before sacrifice. At the end of third week, DXR (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to the animals. After 21 days, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for determination of various biochemical parameters. Liver and kidney was dissected out for in-vivo antioxidant studies. Pre-treatment of methanolic extract of Saraca indica bark (MESI) in doxorubicin treated group exhibited significant decrease in liver biomarker as well as kidney biomarker. MESI significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase CAT and reduced glutathione (GSH) while extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly decreased in animals treated with DXR. Current study highlights that chronic administrations of extract of Saraca indica bark ameliorated DXR induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity possibly through its antioxidant action....
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