Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Galantamine hydrobromide is a reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, currently approved as the first-line pharmacological agent for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). It offers several benefits in AD treatment, such as improving cognition, ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living and reducing caregiver burden. It has been shown that patient compliance to AD treatments is low; therefore alternative routes for effective and well-tolerated treatment are of clinical needs. Therefore, in this study; galantamine orally dissolving tablets (ODTs) BCS class I was prepared with the intention of overcoming such problem, providing faster release and absorption of the drug for more convenience and compliance for AD patients. Galantamine ODT was prepared by direct compression process using sugar based filler namely: Emedex® which showed superior flowability to other tested fillers, directly compressible, completely soluble and imparts sweet taste masking bitterness of different API, instead of traditionally used microcrystalline cellulose. Response surface methodology was then used to optimize critical factors and establish the design space based on the evaluation of the effect, interaction and quadratic term of the four design factors (disintegrant level (X1), lubricant level (X2), lubricant blending time (X3) and compression force (X4)) on the responses (disintegration time (Y1), hardness (Y2), friability (Y3) and dissolution rate (Y4)). A desirability function was applied on the responses to obtain the optimum excipient and process conditions for preparation of Galantamine ODT that would provide desired quality target product profile (QTPP)....
Protein rich agro industrial wastes constitute valuable source for microbial cultivation and large scale extracellular protease production. An attempt was made to investigate protease production by Gymnascella dankaliensis (Castellani) Currah FGCC P 134 on various agro based waste under solid-state fermentation. Interestingly, among different substrate tried, wheat bran proved superior supported 299±6.11 U/g DMS protease activity after 96 h of incubation, which may result in a significant reduction in the cost of medium. To study the maximum enzyme production the process parameters of fermentation where optimized. Maximum protease production was obtained with an initial moisture content of 40%, on incubation temperature (32±2°C), pH (6.5), spore concentration ~ 4.16 x 106 of 16 old inoculum....
In this study, nanosuspensions of pectin were prepared by combination of antisolvent precipitation and homogenization technique containing curcumin as a model drug. Three different batches were prepared having different concentration of pectin (0.075 % - 0.30 %) The aim of this study is to increase the solubility of drug by reducing the particles size and converting the liquid into solid formulation. The pectin-curcumin (PC) nanosuspension was lyophilized and encapsulated in capsule shell. The PC nanosuspensions so formed were characterized by PSA (particle size analysis), PDI (polydispersibility index), Drug content, percent entrapment efficiency, TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry), XRD (X –ray diffraction) and FTIR studies and further evaluated for weight variation, disintegration and in-vitro release study. Stability studies were also performed for a period of 60 days at three different temperatures (4℃, RT and 40℃). The PC nanosuspension was found to contain particles with mean particle size (141 nm -143 nm) with PDI (0.35±0.67 – 0.471±0.21), having percent entrapment efficiency (80.25±2.03% to 90.04±2.05%) and percent total drug content (91.35±0.98 to 95.51 ± 1.44). TEM revealed that PC nanosuspension contain discrete, spherical, uniformly distributed particles. XRD and DSC indicated crystalline nature of curcumin. In-vitro release study of liquid nanosuspension and dried capsule filled nanosuspension was carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) showing drug release up to 24 h. The release kinetics was found to be fitted best into Higuchi’s square root release kinetics model with value of n <0.45 indicating the mechanism of release being diffusion....
Polysulfone (PSU) has been processed into powder form by ball milling, rotor milling,\nand spray drying technique in an attempt to produce new materials for Selective Laser Sintering\npurposes. Both rotor milling and spray drying were adept to make spherical particles that can be used\nfor this aim. Processing PSU pellets by rotor milling in a three-step process resulted in particles of\n51.8 �¼m mean diameter, whereas spray drying could only manage a mean diameter of 26.1 �¼m. The\nresulting powders were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Gel Permeation\nChromatography (GPC) and X-ray Diffraction measurements (XRD). DSC measurements revealed\nan influence of all processing techniques on the thermal behavior of the material. Glass transitions\nremained unaffected by spray drying and rotor milling, yet a clear shift was observed for ball\nmilling, along with a large endothermic peak in the high temperature region. This was ascribed\nto the imparting of an orientation into the polymer chains due to the processing method and was\nconfirmed by XRD measurements. Of all processed powder samples, the ball milled sample was\nunable to dissolve for GPC measurements, suggesting degradation by chain scission and subsequent\ncrosslinking. Spray drying and rotor milling did not cause significant degradation....
Polylactide (PLA) microspheres were prepared using the solid-in-oil (S/O) spray-drying method to achieve the sustained release\nof a hydrophilic drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, via intratracheal instillation. Isoniazid (IN), a\nlow-molecular-weight hydrophilic drug, was used as a model drug. The effects of various sizes of micronized IN powder, different\ndrug/polymer ratios, spray-drying process parameters, and drug-release characteristics were studied to optimize the\nmanufacturing parameters. A high entrapment efficiency (87.3%) was obtained using this method; furthermore, the microspheres\nwere spherical and smooth. They were individually and homogenously distributed, with a mean diameter of 5.6 m;\nfurthermore, they showed a satisfactory extended sustained-release phase. After administration of the microspheres to rats,\npulmonary drug concentrations were maintained at a relatively stable level for up to 4 weeks....
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