Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 18 Articles
The Genus Morinda belongs to family Rubiaceae and about 80 species belongs to this genus. Out of these species 7 species occurs in India. Among the Morinda species Morinda citrifolia is the most noteworthy species which has attained a great prominence in medicinal world in last few years. This species commercially known as noni, is one of the most significant sources of traditional medicines. This small evergreen miracular tree is reported for its extremely wide range of environmental tolerances. It can grow in infertile, acidic, and alkaline soils and grows comfortably in very dry to very wet areas. The fruit is important because of its wide range of therapeutic potentials such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-helminthes, analgesic, hypertensive, anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing effects....
Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism manifested by elevation of plasma concentrations of the various lipid and lipoprotein fractions, which is the key risk factor for cardiovascular disorders (CVD). Since synthetic drugs have been shown to have side effects, clinical importance of the herbal drugs in treatment of hyperlipidemia has received considerable attention in recent years. Capparis Deciduas F., Ricinus Communis L., and Zizyphus Jujuba L. are traditionally used as antihyperlipidemic drugs as per ayurvedic literature .Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of a polyherbal formulation, prepared using the above three medicinal plants against Triton WR-1339 and High fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract of the polyherbal formulation at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose inhibited the elevation of serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic rats. The extract also significantly decreased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity. Thus the hydroalcoholic extract of polyherbal formulation at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg; p.o. showed good antihyperlipidemic activity in Triton WR-1339 and High cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. The probable mechanism of action of the extract may be inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme pathway....
Guduchi, Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. is one among the most important medicinal plants of India and has been used in Ayurvedic preparations for the treatment of various ailments. The accepted botanical source of Guduchi throughout India is Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers., but, this species of plant is dioecious, where male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. However, this factor is not given proper consideration while collecting the plant material for medicinal purposes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate ghrita per se, Guduchi ghrita prepared by using male and female plants of Tinospora cordifolia for adaptogenic activity in forced swimming stress model in albino rats to know whether the gender factor of the plant material used for preparation of ghrita formulation will influence the pharmacological activity or not. Parameters like rectal temperature, ulcer index, weight of adrenal glands, biochemical parameters in stomach tissue homogenate like total protein nucleic acids, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, total glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase activity, super oxide dismutase activity, adrenal ascorbic acid content, different haematological parameters and histopathological changes in stomach were studied. In this study, Guduchi Ghrita formulations exhibited significant adaptogenic and anti-ulcer activities....
Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Eclipta alba L. whole plant were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.typhi, S.aureus, B.subtilis and antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with the comparison with positive control (Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin) for bacteria and (Ketoconazole and Fluconazole) for fungi. Petroleum ether extract and methanolic extracts were found to be more significant active compared to other extracts for bacteria and methanolic extract shown significant inhibition for fungi....
The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of different extract of leaves of Jatropha curcas Linn. on antisecretory activity in pylorus ligated rats. Treatment with petroleum ether (60-800C), chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract of J. curcas (200 and 400 mg /kg, p.o.) and ranitidine (50 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered 1 h prior to pyloric ligation and experimental parameters were observed. In pylorus ligated rats, gastric content was analyzed for PH, total acidity and ulcer index. The dose dependant significant reduction in gastric volume, pH, total acidity, and ulcer index were observed after treatment with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of different J. curcas extracts as compared to the normal control group. The present study provides a strong evidence of antisecretory activity of different extracts of J. curcas against pylorus ligated rats....
The plant Caesalpinia bonducella is used for a variety of biological activities. In view of its broad pharmacological significance in Ayurveda, we screened the leaves and steam bark extracts for antiulcer activity. The antiulcer activity was evaluated at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, ranitidine at 50 mg/kg body weight was used as standard. The antiulcer effect exhibited by ethanol extract at 800 mg/kg body weight was comparable with ranitidine treated group at 50 mg/kg body weight. The activity exhibited by the ethanol extract was dose-dependent. The results indicate the potentialality of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella as anti-ulcerogenic....
In the present study, the ethanol extract of Beta vulgaris (BV) roots were assessed for anxiogenic activity. The BV (50 and 100 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) exhibited anxiogenic activity in elevated plus-maze (EPM) paradigm. In the EPM test, BV decreased the time spent by rat in the open arm and increase time spent and number of entries in closed arm. Further, the effect of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.), serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron (1 mg/kg i.p) on the occupancy in open arm was significantly reduced by BV. Inhibition of anxiolytic activity of ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) and diazepam (acting on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor) suggests anxiogenic activity of BV....
The bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis (Baill.) Urb. Humiriaceae commonly known in english as bitter bark tree, is often sold in markets as a bitter for adding to palm-wine or gin to add flavour and potency. Its addition to palm-wine is recognised as aphrodisiac; sometimes only men take the treated wine. Stem bark air dried and ground was extracted in the cold with 80 % ethanol and concentrated in vacuo. The ethanolic extract obtained was tested on rats for effect on sperm count and motility. The effect of ethanol extracts of the stem bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis on sperm count and sperm motility at gradient doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) in male wistar rats was assessed. Single daily intraperitoneal injections of the extract for 15 days did not alter the weight of the testes. The extract showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the sperm count and motility with the highest reduction of approximately 50 % at 30 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone increased significantly. Hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions of the ethanol extract were tested at 10 mg/kg, the ethyl acetate fraction gave the highest significant reduction (p < 0.001) of 30 % in sperm count and motility. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins....
Musa paradisiaca L.commonly known as plantain, is a very popular food plant all over the world and is grown in all tropical regions of the world. It has been used for the treatment of inflammation , rheumatism, diabetes and hypertension traditional medicine. The root and stem juice have been used in traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of diabetes. This study investigates the effect of the stem and root juice on glucose blood levels of male mister rats as specified in a traditional recipe. The dose of 30ml of juice/70kg man specified by the recipe was used.Evaluation of the root juice of Musa paradisiaca at 0.43 ml/kg (8.13 mg/kg) and 0.21 ml/kg (3.97 mg/kg) in glucose loaded and in normal rats on the blood glucose levels were carried out. There is statistically significant antihyperglycaemic activity only at 0.43 ml/kg.The Stem juice showed hypoglycemic activity in normal rats at 0.43ml/kg, but did not show significant anti hyperglycemic activity in the glucose loaded rats. The use of the juice in traditional medicine practice is justified....
Enicostemma axillare (EA) perennial herb found throughout in India and used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, rheumatisum, abdominal ulcers, hernia, swelling, itching and insect poisoning. The present study was undertaken to investigate effect of EA on haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice. The effect of deferent doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) of EA was studied on haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced catalepsy using bar test. The result indicated that haloperidol induced catalepsy was significantly potentiated by EA. Therefore, EA has cataleptic activity....
Mandsaur district is situated in central position of Madhya Pradesh. It has a great diversity in medicinal plants with Takhaji, Sandhara, Gandhisagar century & Catchment of Chambal river areas. The tribal & rural communities are very rich in traditional utilization of medicinal plants found in this region Bhil & Bhilala are the main tribal communities of this region. We reported 59 plants of 54 genera of 30 families which are used for the treatment of various ailments. Mandsaur district has cultural and scientific cause as well for its rich plant diversity. The climatic conditions of Mandsaur are typical sub tropical and it is associated with lord dhanvantri also....
The objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of a marketed Ayurvedic formulation Glucova, on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan-induced (120 mg/kg i.p.) diabetic rats were divided in 4 groups of 6 each. Vehicle, Glucova 300 mg/kg and Glibenclamide 4 mg/kg, was administered orally to group I and II (Normal and Diabetic control), group III (Treatment) and group IV (Standard) respectively for 21 days. Blood glucose level was estimated weekly. After treatment period of 21 days serum was estimated for glucose and other biochemical parameters. Glucova in a dose of 300 mg/kg orally produced significant reduction in blood glucose level compared to diabetic rats. It also significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea and increased the decreased level of high density lipoproteins, total proteins and albumin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thus Glucova is effective hypoglycemic and also restores the altered biochemical parameters in Diabetes Mellitus....
The hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extract was evaluated in experimentally induced chronic lead toxicity in male wistar rats. The TSP, antioxidant enzymes like CAT, SOD and GPx, gross and histopathologocal examination, immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructural examination of liver were estimated. Lead residues in liver was also measured. The Ocimum sanctum (OS) significantly increased the levels of total serum proteins, CAT, SOD and GPx in liver and lead residues were significantly reduced in Ocimum treated groups. OS significantly minimized the gross and histopathological changes and also reduces the apoptosis in hepatocytes. By the end of experiment in Ocimum treated animals the liver almost coming to its normal appearance. The present experiments suggest that the Ocimum santum exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on lead induced hepatic damage in rats....
Dadimadi yoga, a compound Ayurvedic formulation was evaluated for haematinic activity against mercuric chloride induced anemia. Eighteen adult Charles Foster strain albino rats of either sex were divided in to three groups, first group received distilled water and served as control, second group rats were administered with mercuric chloride (9 mg/kg) and served as negative control. To the third group, Dadimadi yoga and mercuric chloride were administered for thirty consecutive days. Parameters like body weight, weight of liver, spleen and kidney, different haematological parameters, anemia markers like serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and histopathology of liver, kidney and spleen were studied. Exposure of mercuric chloride to rats for 30 days resulted in decrease of body weight, increase in weight of spleen, liver and kidney, decrease in haemoglobin content, total RBC and haematocrit percentage. It also decreased serum iron and serum ferritin to significant extent, increased serum TIBC. Histopathology of liver shows macro fatty changes, vacuolization, marked necrosis, severe degenerative changes, while kidney shows cell infiltration. All these changes were significantly attenuated by administration of Dadimadi yoga. Hence, it can be concluded that Dadimadi yoga is having significant hematinic as well as cytoprotective activity....
Searches for moieties with antimicrobial activity are frequent and medicinal plants have been considered interesting, since they are frequently used in popular medicine as remedies for many infectious diseases. There are number of medicinal plants available in Tumkur district of Peninsula Craton, out of which ten plants were selected, namely, Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae), Wrightia tinctoria (Apocynaceae), Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae), Nerium indicum (Apocynaceae), Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae), Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae), Butea monosperma (Fabaceae), Bauhinia purpurea (Caesalpiniaceae), Caesalpinia bonducella (Caesalpiniaceae), Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae), which are traditionally used in the treatment of various skin disorders. In the present study antimicrobial activity of selected plants were carried out against seven microorganisms Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus, which are known to cause different skin infections. The tests were carried out using spread plate method at 200 mg/10 ml concentration level of the crude methanol extracts. Of the ten plants tested, all showed antimicrobial activity against one or more species of micro organisms. The most active antimicrobial plants were Tectona grandis, Caesalpinia bonducella, and Butea monosperma. Hence the MICs of the crude extracts of these three plants were investigated by agar dilution method....
The antimalarial activity of two Cryptolepis sanguinolenta based herbal decoctions namely Cryptoquine and Nibima, were studied using Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) in mice. The herbal preparations were evaluated for chemosuppressive activity during an early infection with P. berghei in mice and also for possible repository activity to ascertain whether they could be useful as prophylaxis. Each mouse used in the study was infected with a standard inoculum of 1 x 106 parasitised RBCs intraperitoneally. P. berghei infected mice which were treated with Cryptolepis sanguinolenta based herbal preparations showed chemosuppression in both decoctions for the 4-day suppressive test. Also, results of the repository activity of the herbal preparations showed that both decoctions have promising activity judging by their ability to reduce parasitemia in mice. Generally, the results of the mean survival time of mice treated with the decoctions under the 4-day tests compares well with those treated with chloroquine. The results indicate that both Cryptolepis sanguinolenta based decoctions used in this study have schizontocidal and repository activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of malaria....
Tripura has a valuable heritage of herbal medicine and consider as a biological hotspot. The rural peoples and tribes of the state still depend on nature for food, healthcare and shelter. This paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wealth of traditional ethanobotanical information available with the people of the state. Very few researchers have reported the utilization of the different plant species by the people of Tripura in their indigenous health care system, but the proper research on those plant and include them in the modern system of medicine is comparatively less. It is believed that still a lot of medicinal plants and their folk uses have remained endemic to certain tribes of the state. Therefore, many more studies are required on the ethanobotanical aspect in the region, and also needs further biological, pharmacological and phytochemical investigation on different medicinal plant depending upon their ethanobotanical uses which may provide meaningful ways for promotion of traditional herbal medicinal plants for the benefit of mankind at large. Degradation of biodiversity is a great problem for existence of medicinal plants. So, proper utilization and conservation of medicinal plants of Tripura need for harnessing bio-resources and translating it to economic product....
Lindane is reported have to detrimental effects on different tissues. In the present study the 90 male Albino Swiss rats were treated lindane at a dosage of 250ppm/kg body weight/day. Following the lindane treatment, shrinkage in the testis was observed but there was no physiological difference in complete body mass. Sperm production was also hampered and the generated sperms were also damaged. Profound histological changes were also observed in the testis and degeneration of the Leydig cells was noted along with reduction in serum testosterone levels. Oxidative stress was also observed to ascent during the lindane treatment course revealing significant generation of ROS. Following the plant extract treatment a significant recovery was observed. The fertility of the rats was restored whereas the functioning of the reproductive organs and accessory sex organs were also apt almost comparable to that of the control group. ROS generation was also observed to decline following the plant extract treatment....
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