Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 14 Articles
Toxicity due to cisplatin was assessed on rat brain and protective role of turmeric was investigated. A total of 48 rats were divided into 4 groups of 12 rats each. Group 1 was maintained as sham control, 2 was treated with cisplatin (@ 2 mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally on day 1, 7, 14 and 28), 3 was treated with turmeric (@ 0.05 mg/kg b.wt. p.o. once daily for 28 days) and 4 was treated with cisplatin + turmeric (as per above schedule). The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in brain tissue homogenates were significantly (P<0.05) increased and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group 2 as compared to other groups. Groups 1 and 3 did not reveal significant difference among themselves, while group 4 showed slight improvement compared to group 2....
Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of such botanicals is Massularia acuminata in which the stem has been acclaimed to be used as an aphrodisiac. Documented experiments or clinical data are, however, lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the acclaimed aphrodisiac activity of M. acuminata stem. Sixty male rats were completely randomized into 4 groups (Aââ?¬â??D) of 15 each. Rats in group A (control) were administered with 1?mL of distilled water (the vehicle) while those in groups B, C, and D were given same volume containing 250, 500, and 1000?mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored in the male rats for day 1 (after a single dose), day 3 (after three doses, once daily), and day 5 (after five doses, once daily) by pairing with a receptive female (1?:?1). The male serum testosterone concentration was also determined. Cage side observation on the animals revealed proceptive behaviour (ear wiggling, darting, hopping, and lordosis) by the receptive female rats and precopulatory behaviour (chasing, anogenital sniffing and mounting) by the extract-treated male rats. The extract at 500, and 1000?mg/kg body weight significantly (P < . 0 5) increased the frequencies of mount and intromission. In addition, the ejaculation latency was significantly prolonged (P < . 0 5). The latencies of mount and intromission were reduced significantly whereas ejaculation frequency increased. The extract also reduced the postejaculatory interval of the animals. Computed percentages of index of libido, mounted, intromitted, ejaculated and copulatory efficiency were higher in the extract treated animals compared to the distilled water-administered control whereas the intercopulatory interval decreased significantly. The extract also significantly (P < . 0 5) increased the serum testosterone content of the animals except in those administered with 250?mg/kg body weight on days 1 and 3. Data from this study identified that the aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata stem enhanced sexual behaviour in male rats. The improved sexual appetitive behaviour in male rats at the doses of 500 and 1000?mg/kg body weight of Massularia acuminata stem may be attributed, at least in part, to the alkaloids, saponins, and /or flavonoids since these phytochemicals has engorgement, androgen enhancing, and antioxidant properties....
Mimusops elengi Linn (Sapotaceae) commonly known as Bakul, is a small to large evergreen tree. It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental tree. Bark is used as a tonic, febrifuge, against odontopathy, inflammation. The part of plants was used in Thai traditional community as rejuvenating and neuro tonic, also Mimusops elengi is being screened for acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Despite the widespread uses of the plant, no scientific work is reported in literature regarding the effect of Mimusops elengi bark on memory and anxiety like states hence , the present study evaluates effect of methanolic, aqueous and n-butanol extract of bark of Mimusops elengi in swiss albino mice. Different doses of Test extract was evaluated in animals. Methanol extract at 50,100 and 200 mg/kg, aqueous extract at 100 and 200 while n-butanol extract at 200 mg/kg in mice were active but methanolic extract at 200 mg/kg was found to have more significant activity as compared to aqueous and n-butanol extract....
This study mainly focus on the potential antibacterial properties of various extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and Aqueous) of aerial part of Andrographis paniculata, against nine human pathogenic micro-organism (Gram +ive: B. pumillus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, M. luteus, Gram –ive: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. abony) by using disk diffusion method at two concentrations 500 µg/ml, 1000 µg/ml. The MIC and MBC methods were also used. The extracts showed significant antibacterial activities against both gram (+ve) and gram (-ve) bacterial strains tested. Highest significant antibacterial activity was exerted by the aqueous extract against B. subtilis at 1000µg/ml (23.4mm) and the least activity by petroleum ether extract against P. aeruginosa at 500µg/ml (6.0mm). Aqueous extract of A. paniculata showed high antibacterial activity against B. pumillus, B. subtilis, S. aureus and M. luteus, whereas ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts showed intermediate effect against gram (+ve) and moderate against gram (-ve) bacteria. The inhibitory activities of all the extracts reported were compared with reference standard Ciprofloxacin (50µg/ml). The MIC range is in between (70-350µg/ml) depending on micro organisms and various extracts. An MIC of 70µg/ml shown in aqueous extract (1000µg/ml) against K. pneumoniae and S. typhi (75µg/ml) was considered to be best. The range of MIC value of petroleum ether extract (1000µg/ml) was (250-310µg/ml), chloroform extract (200-300µg/ml), ethanol (150-350µg/ml) and aqueous extract (70-160µg/ml). The MBC value ranged between (130-690µg/ml) depending on micro organism and various extracts. A potent antibacterial and hepatoprotective drug could probably be formulated from the plant extract of A. paniculata to cure the bacterial and heptotoxic infections. Our results confer the utility of this plant extracts in developing a normal broad spectrum antimicrobial agent....
Alopecia, hair loss is a dermatologic disorder, and is a psychologically distressing condition. Androgen alopecia, which affects millions of men and women, is an androgen drived disorder. Here, plant Eclipta alba is evaluated for hair growth promoting potential activity in androgen –induced alopecia. Eclipta Alba (leaves) has been found to possess hair growth promoting activity in our laboratory (1). In the present study, it was envisaged to prepare herbal formulations containing petroleum ether extracts of Eclipta alba, methanolic extract of Eclipta alba and various fixed oil like mustard oil, coconut oil & sesame oil for evaluating the formulations for hair growth promoting potential activity. The method reported by matias is followed. Alopecia in albino mice was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone 1mg/day. Injection was given once daily 5days a week up to 12 weeks. Testosterone is known to produce the alopecia by thinning of hair coat, evenly develop into a bald area. Inhibition of alopecia by administration of Eclipta alba extract gel was evaluated by hair growth ignition & completion, area responded, anagen/ telogen ratio and histopathological skin section done for hair growth promoting potential activity. The animals treated with the methanolic extract of Eclipta alba shows higest number of hair follicle. The earliest hair growth seen in methanolic extract gel. In Methanolic extract of Eclipta alba and Standard drug 2% minoxidil average hair growth is 0.68 cm. All the experimental groups have shown a highly significant increase in Density of hair, Area responded and Hair bulb present as compared to control group. The time of responding is also early as compared to control group. In conclusion, methanolic extract of Eclipta alba definitely promotes hair growth by inducing anagen in telogen (resting) phase hair follicles. Animals treated with methanol extract of Eclipta alba showed better efficacy as compared to other formulated drugs....
Healing is a complex and intricate process initiated in response to an injury that restores the function and integrity of damaged tissues. Herbal medicines in wound management involve disinfection, debridement and providing a moist environment to encourage the establishment of the suitable environment for natural healing process. The aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Leucas aspera was prepared as per protocol. The rats were divided into three groups comprising of 6 rats each. Group I served as wound control and an excision wound was created using a sharp surgical blade and pointed scissors for an area of 200mm2 and a depth of 0.2 cm. Group II was wounded and treated with aqueous extract of Leucas aspera. Group III was wounded and treated with a standard drug Soframycin. The following parameters were studied in the granulation tissue and serum – Collagen, Hexoseamine, ascorbic acid, LPO and SOD. The wounded animals showed significant decrease in the collagen, hexoseamine, SOD and ascorbic acid levels with a marked increase in the LPO levels. On treatment of the wounds with AELA there was tissue regeneration which was evident from the increased levels of tissue collagen, hexoseamine, ascorbic acid and SOD. The increased activity of SOD resulted in the scavenging of the free radicals and hence there was a significant reduction in the LPO levels. The data obtained was statistically analysed and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. From the results obtained it was evident that Leucas aspera possessed wound healing activity....
Flemingia macrophylla (Leguminosae), a native plant of Taiwan, is used as folk medicine. An in vitro study showed that a 75% ethanolic extract of F. macrophylla (FME) inhibited osteoclast differentiation of cultured rat bone marrow cells, and the active component, lespedezaflavanone A (LDF-A), was isolated. It was found that oral administration of FME for 13 weeks suppressed bone loss in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of osteoporosis. In addition, FME decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations but did not inhibit serum alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating that it ameliorated bone loss via inhibition of bone resorption. These results suggest that FME may represent a useful remedy for the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis. In addition, LDF-A could be used as a marker compound to control the quality of FME....
The objective of the study was to investigate the methanol extract of Cardiospermum Halicacabum (MECH) against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity and anti-oxidant activity in Wistar albino rats.The methanol extract of Cardiospermum Halicacabum (200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to two groups of rats (six animals per group) in order to evaluate the protective effect of the extract in rats. The other three groups receive normal saline (2 ml/kg), acetaminophen (750 mg/kg), and silymarin (50 mg/kg) respectively. The anti-oxidant effect of the extract on serum marker enzymes and histopathological studies of liver was assessed. The plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. Histopathological changes of liver sample shows mild hepatocyte degeneration. Results indicate that the Cardiospermum Halicacabum possesses significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant property. Thus the study substantiates its use in traditional herbal medicine....
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic and wound healing properties of Cissus multistriata leaf extract. Diabetes mellitus was induced with alloxan and graded doses of methanol leaf extract of Cissus multistriata were administered orally to the experimentally diabetic rats for 28 days at 400, 800 and 1600mg/kg b.w for groups. Administration of the methanol extract elicited a statistically significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The reduction was dose dependent. There was reduction in blood haemoglobin and increase in body weights of animals which were statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with the control. Three groups of male rats each consisting of four rats were used for the evaluation of wound healing potential of the extract. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated topically with C. multistriata, Povidone iodine (drug) and paraffin base (negative control), respectively. The extract significantly (P<0.05) accelerated wound healing process compared to standard povidone iodine used. It could be stated that Cissus multistriata possesses hypoglycemic and wound healing properties....
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ghavoot is an Iranian traditional crude drug which is composed of different plant seeds in combination. This preparation has different traditional uses such as analgesic, anti inflammatory, adaptogen, general tonic, which has never been studied scientifically. In the present work the antinociceptive effect of Ghavoot has been studied in mice using three complementary methods. Materials and Methods: Antinociception was studied using tail flick, hot plate and formalin tests in mice. The animals received the Ghavoot for 14 days at doses of 12, 18 and 24g/kg orally. The antinociception effect of test groups was compared to ibuprofen. Results: The results showed that the doses of 18 and 24g/kg of Ghavoot exhibited dose dependent antinociception effect through hot plate and formalin tests which was significantly different from control group (p<0.05), but not in tail flick method. These results proposed both peripherally and centrally antinociception mechanisms for Ghavoot. Conclusion: The results here provide scientific evidence that Ghavoot has potential antinociception effects in mice....
In Indian traditional system of medicine, the plant of Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) is recommended for the management of peptic ulcer. In light of this, the present investigation was carried out to study the antiulcer activity of various doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) of petroleum ether (MI-PEE) and aqueous extract (MI-AQE) of Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel, employing the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models in rats. In ethanol induced ulcer model, MI-AQE extract provided significant ulcer protective effect and increseased in mucin content at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, (P < 0.001). And also, in pylorus ligation model, ulcerated area was found to reduce significantly MI-AQE, at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) through increseased in gastric pH and mucin content at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) along with reduction in total acidity and pepsin content at the dose of 100 mg/kg, (P < 0.01), 200 and 400 mg/kg, (P < 0.001). It is concluded that MI-AQE but not MI-PEE showed antiulcer activity....
This work aims to review the pharmacological properties of the Moringa oleifera Lamarck tree, emphasizing its chemical constituents and numerous nutitional applications for living organisms. Moringa oleifera, or the horse radish tree is a perennial softwood tree and there are about 13 species of Moringa trees in the family Moringaceae, they are native to India, the Red Sea area and parts of Africa including Madagascar. All parts of this plant are valuable sources of phenolic compounds, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, tannins, phytates and saponins. Over the past few years it has caught the attention of researchers exploring the potent sources of high-quality protein, oil and antioxidant compounds for the poor people as it has excellent nutritional and medicinal properties. It possess analgesic, adrenolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antihelminthic, antiulcer, immunostimulant, antimalarial and antipyretic activities. It is the purpose of the review to evaluate the scientific findings on Moringa oleifera Lamarck...
In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world. Caesalpinia crista (Caesalpiniaceae) plant is well known for its medicinal and therapeutic values in Indian Ayurveda. The Indian traditional scriptures as well as the Ayurvedic texts have various references to the use of this plant. The bitter principles Bonducin and Natin are the primary constituent of Caesalpinia crista apart from linolic acid, fatty acid, setasitosterol and different diterpenes which mainly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic action. The plant has been recommended for the treatment of various diseases and disorders such as Antispasmodic, Malarial fever, leucorrhea, abdominal pain , rheumatoid, arthritis, diabetes,cystic fibrosis, amenorrhoea. The herb is used both, internally as well as externally. The present review attempts to provide comphrensive information on pharmacology, phytochemical study,toxicity, traditional uses and current research prospects of the herb....
Polygonum barbatum, an herbal plant which is used in traditional medicine for the management of gastric ulcers. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the antiulcerogenic effect of Aqueous (AEPB) and Hydroalcoholic (HEPB) extracts of Polygonum barbatum in the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg, b.w. on pyloric ligation (PL), HCl/ethanol (EtOH) and indomethacin (IND) induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague dawley rats. Omeprazole (OMP) (10mg/kg b.w.) was used as a standard drug for all the above models. The standard drug and herbal extracts were given orally to the animals. The HEPB at 200mg/kg significantly inhibited the gastric lesions induced by PL (75.7%), EtOH (68.6%) and IND (45.1%), respectively. Hence HEPB at higher dose produce significant anti-ulcerogenic effect....
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