Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: This study evaluated the protective effect of Echinatin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)\ninjury in rats.\nMethods: The effect of Echinatin on cardiac function in rats subjected to I/R was demonstrated through improved\nLangendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Adult Spragueââ?¬â??Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups,\nand myocardial infarct size was macroscopically estimated through 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.\nThe coronary effluent was analyzed for the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK)\nto assess the degree of cardiac injury. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and\ntumor necrosis factor-Ã?± (TNF-Ã?±) were determined along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using ELISA.\nFinally, cardiomyocyte apoptosis analysis was conducted with POD, an in situ cell death detection kit.\nResults: Echinatin (0.5 and 2.5 Ã?¼g/mL) pretreatment enhanced the maximum up/down rate of the left ventricular\npressure (Ã?±dp/dtmax), improved the heart rate, increased the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), enhanced\nthe coronary flow, and reduced the CK and LDH levels in the coronary flow of the treated group compared with the\nI/R group. Echinatin limited the contents of CK and LDH, improved the LVDP, reduced the contents of MDA, IL-6, and\nTNF-Ã?±, and increased the SOD activity. The infarct size and cell apoptosis in the hearts of the rats in the\nEchinatin-treated group were smaller and lower, respectively, than those in the hearts of the rats in the I/R\ncontrol group.\nConclusion: Echinatin exerts a protective effect against I/R-induced myocardial injury on hearts. This effect\nmay be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this compound...
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is often the only curative option for many patients with malignant and\nbenign hematological stem cell disorders. However, some issues are still of concern regarding finding a donor like shrinking\nfamily sizes in many societies, underrepresentation of the ethnic minorities in the registries, genetic variability for some races,\nand significant delays in obtaining stem cells after starting the search. So there is a considerable need to develop alternate donor\nstem cell sources. The rapid and near universal availability of the haploidentical donor is an advantage of the haploidentical\nSCT and an opportunity that is being explored currently in many centers especially using T cell replete graft and posttransplant\ncyclophosphamide. This is probably because it does not require expertise in graft manipulation and because of the lower costs.\nHowever, there are still lots of unanswered questions, like the effect of use of bone marrow versus peripheral blood as the source\nof stem cells on graft-versus-host disease, graft versus tumor, overall survival, immune reconstitution, and quality of life. Here we\nreview the available publications on bone marrow and peripheral blood experience in the haploidentical SCT setting....
The induction of specific tolerance, in order to avoid the detrimental effects of lifelong systemic immunosuppressive therapy\nafter organ transplantation, has been considered the ââ?¬Å?Holy Grailââ?¬Â of transplantation. Experimentally, tolerance has been achieved\nthrough clonal deletion, through costimulatory blockade, through the induction or infusion of regulatory T-cells, and through the\nestablishment of hematopoietic chimerism following donor bone marrow transplantation. The focus of this review is how tolerance\nhas been achieved following combined bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Preclinical models of combined bone marrow and\nkidney transplantation have shown that tolerance can be achieved through either transient or sustained hematopoietic chimerism.\nCombined transplants for patients with multiple myeloma have shown that organ tolerance and prolonged disease remissions\ncan be accomplished with such an approach. Similarly, multiple clinical strategies for achieving tolerance in patients without an\nunderlying malignancy have been described, in the context of either transient or durable mixed chimerism or sustained full donor\nhematopoiesis. To expand the chimerism approach to deceased donor transplants, a delayed tolerance approach, which will involve\norgan transplantation with conventional immunosuppression followed months later by bone marrow transplantation, has been\nsuccessful in a primate model. As combined bone marrow and organ transplantation become safer and increasingly successful, the\nachievement of specific tolerance may become more widely applicable....
Backgrounds: Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which implies\nthe occurrence of cardiac dysfunction, impacts cardiac prognosis, even after primary percutaneous coronary\nintervention (PCI). This study was designed to clarify the difference of clinical and angiographic predictors for\nreduced LVEF in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with left anterior descending artery (LAD) or\nnon-LAD vessel as culprit artery.\nMethods: This was a retrospective study to review a total of 553 patients of STEMI underwent primary PCI in our\nhospital. All patients underwent echocardiography. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and classification and\nregression tree (CART) were performed between LAD related AMI and non-LAD related STEMI. The primary\noutcome was the occurrence of reduced LVEF 4ââ?¬â??6 days after PCI.\nResults: In this study, culprit arteries of STEMI were 315 in LAD system (6 in left main artery, 309 in LAD) and 238 in\nnon-LAD system (63 in left circumflex and 175 in right coronary artery). Compared with non-LAD group, post-MI\nLVEF was significantly reduced in LAD related STEMI group (52.4 Ã?± 9.3 % vs. 57.1 Ã?± 7.8 %, P < 0.01). Multivariate\nanalysis indicated that elder (>65 years), time to hospital and proximal occlusion were associated with reduced\nLVEF (<55 %) in LAD related STEMI patients. However, in non-LAD patients, time to hospital, multivessel stenosis\nand post-PCI blood pressure predicted the occurrence of reduced LVEF. Furthermore, CART analysis also obtained\nsimilar findings.\nConclusions: Patients with LAD or non-LAD related STEMI could suffer reduced LVEF, while the clinical and\nangiographic predictors for the occurrence were different....
Allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT) is typically the preferred curative therapy for adult patients with acutemyeloid\nleukemia, but its use has been reduced as a consequence of limited donor availability in the form of either matched-related donors\n(MRD) or matched-unrelated donors (MUD). Alternative options such as unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation\nand haploidentical HSCT have been increasingly studied in the past few decades to overcome these obstacles. A human leukocyte\nantigen- (HLA-) haploidentical donor is a recipient�s relative who shares an exact haplotype with the recipient but is mismatched\nfor HLA genes on the unshared haplotype. These dissimilarities pose several challenges to the outcomes of the patient receiving\nsuch a type of HSCT, including higher rates of bidirectional alloreactivity and graft failure. In the past 5 years, however, several\nnonrandomized studies have shown promising results in terms of graft success and decreased rates of alloreactivity, in part due to\nnewer grafting techniques and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.We present here a summary and review of the latest\nresults of these studies as well as a brief discussion on the advantages and challenges of haploidentical HSCT....
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