Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
To ensure a successful dental implant therapy, the presence of adequate vertical and horizontal alveolar bone is fundamental.\nHowever, an insufficient amount of alveolar ridge in both dimensions is often encountered in dental practice due to the\nconsequences of oral diseases and tooth loss. Although postextraction socket preservation has been adopted to lessen the need for\nsuch invasive approaches, it utilizes bone grafting materials, which have limitations that could negatively affect the quality of bone\nformation. To overcome the drawbacks of routinely employed grafting materials, bone graft substitutes such as 3D scaffolds have\nbeen recently investigated in the dental field. In this review, we highlight different biomaterials suitable for 3D scaffold fabrication,\nwith a focus on ââ?¬Å?3D-printedââ?¬Â ones as bone graft substitutes that might be convenient for various applications related to implant\ntherapy.We also briefly discuss their possible adoption for periodontal regeneration....
Background: Fixed orthodontic retainers have numerous advantages, but it is not known whether they can exert\npathological forces on supporting tissues around the splinted teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate\nhow the inclination of the lower anterior teeth can affect dental displacement and also change the direction of\nocclusal loads exerted to dental and its supporting tissues.\nMethods: Four three-dimensional finite element models of the anterior part of the mandible were designed. All\nthe models contained the incisors and canines, their periodontal ligament layers (PDLs), the supporting bone (both\nspongy and cortical), and a pentaflex splinting wire placed in the lingual side of the teeth. Teeth inclination was\nconsidered to be 80Ã?° (model 1), 90Ã?° (model 2), 100Ã?° (model 3), and 110Ã?° (model 4) to the horizontal plane. The\nlower incisors were loaded with a 187-N vertical force. Their displacement patterns and the stress in their PDLs\nwere evaluated.\nResults: In incisors with 80Ã?° of inclination, less than a 0.1-mm lingual displacement was seen on the incisal edge\nand a similar distance of displacement towards the labial was seen on their root apices. However, in models with\n90Ã?°ââ?¬â??110Ã?° of inclination, the incisal edge displaced labially between about 0.01 and 0.45 mm, while root apices\ndisplaced lingually instead. By increasing the angle of the teeth, the strain in the periodontal ligament increased\nfrom about 37 to 58 mJ. The von Mises stresses around the cervical and apical areas differed for each tooth and\neach model, without a similar pattern. Increasing the angle of the teeth resulted in much higher cervical stresses in\nthe incisors, but not in the canines. In the lateral incisor, cervical stress increased until 100Ã?° of inclination but\nreduced to about half by increasing the angle to 110Ã?°. Apical stress increased rather consistently in the incisor\nand lateral incisors, by increasing the inclination. However, in the canines, apical stress reduced to about half,\nfrom the first to fourth models.\nConclusions: Increasing the labial inclination can mostly harm the central incisors, followed by the lateral\nincisors. This finding warns against long durations of splinting in patients with higher and/or patients with\nreduced labial bone thickness....
Background: Recently low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed to improve orthodontic treatment. The\naims of this systematic review were to investigate the scientific evidence to support applications of LLLT: (a) to\naccelerate tooth movement, (b) to prevent orthodontic relapse and (c) to modulate acute pain, during treatment\nwith fixed appliances in children and young adults.\nMethods: To ensure a systematic literature approach, this systematic review was conducted to Goodman�s four\nstep model. Three databases were searched (Medline, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register and Scitation),\nusing predetermined search terms. The quality of evidence was rated according to the GRADE system.\nResults: The search identified 244 articles, 16 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria: three on acceleration of tooth\nmovement by LLLT and 13 on LLLT modulation of acute pain. No study on LLLT for prevention of relapse was\nidentified. The selected studies reported promising results for LLLT; elevated acceleration of tooth movement and\nlower pain scores, than controls. With respect to method, there were wide variations in type of laser techniques.\nConclusions: The quality of evidence supporting LLLT to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement is very low and\nlow with respect to modulate acute pain. No studies met the inclusion criteria for evaluating LLLT to limit relapse.\nThe results highlight the need for high quality research, with consistency in study design, to determine whether\nLLLT can enhance fixed appliance treatment in children and young adults....
Background: Acceptable short-term survival rates (>90 %) of mini-implants (diameter < 3.0 mm) are only\ndocumented for mandibular overdentures. Sound data for mini-implants as strategic abutments for a better\nretention of partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) are not available.\nMethods/design: The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that immediately loaded mini-implants show\nmore bone loss and less success than strategic mini-implants with delayed loading. In this four-center (one\nuniversity hospital, three dental practices in Germany), parallel-group, controlled clinical trial, which is cluster\nrandomized on patient level, a total of 80 partially edentulous patients with unfavourable number and distribution\nof remaining abutment teeth in at least one jaw will receive supplementary min-implants to stabilize their PRDP.\nThe mini-implant are either immediately loaded after implant placement (test group) or delayed after four months\n(control group). Follow-up of the patients will be performed for 36 months. The primary outcome is the radiographic\nbone level changes at implants. The secondary outcome is the implant success as a composite variable. Tertiary\noutcomes include clinical, subjective (quality of life, satisfaction, chewing ability) and dental or technical complications.\nDiscussion: Strategic implants under an existing PRDP are only documented for standard-diameter implants.\nMini-implants could be a minimal invasive and low cost solution for this treatment modality....
Background: Developmental dental hard tissue anomalies are often associated with oral health problems. This\nstudy determined the clinical prevalence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies in the permanent dentition\nof children resident in southwestern Nigeria and its association with dental caries and poor oral hygiene status.\nMethods: This was a cross-sectional study recruiting 1565 school children, 12 to 15 year old attending schools in\nIbadan, Oyo State and Ile-Ife, Osun State. All eligible study participants had oral examinations conducted to\ndetermine presence of developmental hard dental tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status. The prevalence of\ndevelopmental dental hard tissue anomalies was determined. Logistic Poisson regression was used to determine the\nassociation of between developmental dental hard tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status.\nResults: Only 65 (4.2 %) children had clinically diagnosed developmental dental hard tissue anomalies. The most\nprevalent anomaly was enamel hypoplasia (2.2 %). More females (p = 0.003) and more children with middle\nsocioeconomic class (p = 0.001) had enamel hypoplasia. The probability of having poor oral hygiene was\nsignificantly increased for children with developmental dental anomalies (APR: 0.07; 95 % CI: 0.03 ââ?¬â?? 0.12;\np = 0.002). The probability of having caries was insignificantly increased for children with developmental dental\nhard tissue anomalies (APR: 0.005; 95 % CI: âË?â??0.03 ââ?¬â?? 0.04; p = 0.08).\nConclusion: The most prevalence clinically detectable developmental dental hard tissue anomalies for the study\npopulation was enamel hypoplasia. The presence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies significantly\nincreased the chances of having poor oral hygiene but not caries. Further studies are required to understand if\npoor oral hygiene is associated with dental caries in children with developmental dental hard tissue anomalies....
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