Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
In China, there�s high energy consumption in buildings with less attention to building energy efficiency.\nAll of these facts prove that there are great potentialities in energy conservation. On account\nof this, this paper introduces multiple building energy-saving technologies at home and\nabroad, including the technologies for innovative wall materials, exterior wall external insulation,\nheat insulation of window, utilization of solar energy, heat storage and recovery as well as the illumination\nenergy saving technology. On the basis of new buildings, this paper gives five suggestions\non building energy efficiency. Meanwhile it raises five suggestions on energy conservation\nbased on the existing building, for which it presents purposely the technologies and measures\nabout energy saving transformation from four aspects....
The burning of fuel oil with high sulfur content in diverse industrial segments results in the generation\nof oxidized sulfur compounds (SOx). These emissions, directly or indirectly, lead to the deterioration\nof air quality with consequences including the development of lung diseases in the\nsurrounding population, the generation of acid rain and damage to civil constructions, such as\npublic buildings, public squares, historic monuments, bridges, etc. This article describes the mechanisms\nof corrosion that occur in reinforced concrete deterioration observed in an industrial\nplant by the action of direct emissions of sulfur dioxide. SO2 in this case study is from the burning\nof fuel oil high sulfur content from chimney of an industrial boiler. The deterioration of concrete\nwas evaluated in the laboratory showing the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hydrate\nassociated with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO)....
The perceiving local site effects on strong ground motion are particularly important for the mitigation\nof earthquake disasters as well as future earthquake resistant design. The primary objective\nof this study is to investigate seismic behavior of building tube structure system with respect\nto dense soil-structure interaction (sand dense and very hard clay soil with a thickness greater\nthan 30 m). For this purpose, the studied building in this paper is placed over two other different\nmodeled soil types and results of seismic behavior of building for three soil types are compared\nwith each other. Through response spectrum analyses, influence of different sub-soils (dense and\nloose soil) was determined on seismic behavior of 40-storey building reinforced concrete (RC)\nwith tube in tube structure system and performance of each model was assessed in terms of shear\nlag behavior, overall and critical (maximum) story drifts. Results illustrate that loose soils amplify\nseismic waves and increase building drifts and shear lag behavior....
In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project.\nAs a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great\namount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation�s\nmethod is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful\noptimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings.\nThe optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures:\nfloor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;\nthen each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved.\nDue to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral\nload resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case\nexample, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building\ncomplex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and\ndiminishing the overall cost of the structure....
Mortars provide the continuity required for the stability and exclusion of weather elements in\nmasonry assemblies. But because of the heterogeneity of the mortar, its mechanism of behaviour\nunder different load effects is dependent on the properties of the constituents of the mortar. The\naim of paper is to determine the effect sand grading for various cement-sand-lime mortar designations\n(BS) and strength classes (EC) on the compressive strength and stiffness of mortar. Two silica\nsands; HST 95 and HST60 were used to make mortars in three strength classes: M2, M4 and M6,\ncorresponding to mortar designations iv, iii and ii respectively. The results show that mortar\nmade with the HST60 sand (coarser grading) usually resulted in mortar with a higher compressive\nstrength and stiffness. The One Way ANOVA analysis of both compressive strength and stiffness at\na significance level of 5% on the effect of sand grading on the two parameters also shows that they\nare both significant. There is also strong evidence of a linear correlation between the stiffness and\ncompressive strength. The results indicate that in order to replicate full scale behaviour of masonry\nat model scales, the grading of fine aggregate in the models should be similar so as to properly\nmodel full scale behavior....
During the past years different researchers have studied the causes of failure of flexible pavements\nand they offered variety of alternatives for solving these failure problems such as rutting,\nfatigue and low temperature cracking which are sourced from moisture susceptibility and also\ntemperature sensitivity of either asphalt, aggregate or the asphalt mixture as a whole. This study\nis conducted to determine the optimum amount and potential applicability of zycotherm nanomaterial\nin asphalt and asphalt concrete mixtures with two different systems: directly applying to\nbitumen and diluting and applying to aggregate in order to address the solution of potential failure\nproblems in flexible pavements. The study is carried out experimentally by conducting tests\non bitumen and bituminous mixtures. Tensile strength test and retained stability tests were performed\non bituminous mixture in order to measure the tensile strength ratio (TSR) and the retained\nstability index (RSI), which are both the indexed parameters to determine the mixture resistance\nto de-bonding and disintegration in the presence of water. Penetration, softening point,\nRTFOT, PAV, BBR and DSR tests were also performed on bitumen to determine the effect of zycotherm\non bitumen�s contribution on rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking of the mixture.\nIt is found that using zycotherm material greatly increases the resistance of asphalt mixture to\nmoisture induced damages and also increases its resistance to rutting, fatigue and low temperature\ncracking....
The building of the infrastructure on the compressible and saturated soils presents sometimes\nmajor difficulties. The infrastructure undergoes strong settlement that can be due to several phenomena\nof consolidation of the soils. The latter results from the dissipation of the excess pore\npressure and deformation of the solid skeleton. Terzaghi theory led to the equation modeling the\ndissipation of excess pore pressure. The objective of this study is to establish solutions, by analytical\nand numerical method, of the equation of the pore water pressure. We considered a compressible\nsaturated soil layer, between two drainage areas and subjected to a uniform load. Separation\nof variables is used to obtain an analytical solution and the finite element method for the numerical\nsolution. The results obtained by the finite element method have validated those of analytical\nresolution....
Loading....