Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
As a first step of applying additive manufacturing (AM) technology, plastic prototypes have been produced\nusing various AM Process such as Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and other\nprocesses. After more research and development, AM has become capable of producing complex net shaped in materials\nwhich can be used in applicable parts. These materials include metals, ceramics, and composites. Polymers and\nmetals are considered as commercially available materials for AM processes; however, ceramics and composites are\nstill considered under research and development. In this study, a literature review on design for AM of composite\nmaterials and potential alloys is discussed. It is investigated that polymer matrix, ceramic matrix, metal matrix,\nand fiber reinforced are most common composites through AM. Furthermore, Functionally Graded Materials\n(FGM) is considered as an effective application of AM because AM offers the ability to control the composition\nand optimize the properties of the built part. An example of FGM through using AM technology is the missile nose\ncone which includes an ultra-high temperature ceramic graded to a refractory metal from outside to inside and it used\nfor sustaining extreme external temperatures. During this work, different applications of AM on different classifications\nof composite materials are shown through studying of industrial objective, the importance of application,\nprocessing, results and future challenges....
This paper proposes a vehicle light detection method using a hyperspectral camera\ninstead of a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) or Complementary metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS)\ncamera for adaptive car headlamp control. To apply Intelligent Headlight Control (IHC), the vehicle\nheadlights need to be detected. Headlights are comprised from a variety of lighting sources, such\nas Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), High-intensity discharge (HID), and halogen lamps. In addition,\nrear lamps are made of LED and halogen lamp. This paper refers to the recent research in IHC. Some\nproblems exist in the detection of headlights, such as erroneous detection of street lights or sign lights\nand the reflection plate of ego-car from CCD or CMOS images. To solve these problems, this study\nuses hyperspectral images because they have hundreds of bands and provide more information than\na CCD or CMOS camera. Recent methods to detect headlights used the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM),\nSpectral Correlation Mapper (SCM), and Euclidean Distance Mapper (EDM). The experimental results\nhighlight the feasibility of the proposed method in three types of lights (LED, HID, and halogen)....
The emerging concept of mechanical meta-materials has received increasing attention during the last few\nyears partially due to the advances in additive manufacturing techniques that have enabled fabricating\nmaterials with arbitrarily complex micro/nano-architectures. The rationally designed micro/nano-architecture\nof mechanical meta-materials gives rise to unprecedented or rare mechanical properties that could be\nexploited to create advanced materials with novel functionalities. This paper presents an overview of the\nrecent developments in the area of mechanical meta-materials. Extremal materials that are extremely stiff\nin certain modes of deformation, while extremely soft in other modes of deformation are discussed first.\nPenta-mode, dilational, and other auxetic meta-materials are all discussed within the context of extremal\nmaterials. Negative meta-materials are presented next with special focus on materials with negative\ncompressibility and negative stiffness. Ultra-property meta-materials are the topic of the following section\nthat covers ultra-light, ultra-stiff, and ultra-tough materials. Finally, the emerging areas of research in\nmechanical meta-materials including active, adaptive, programmable, and origami-based mechanical\nmeta-materials are reviewed. This paper concludes with some suggestions for future research....
Due to the intermittent nature, renewable energy sources (RES) has brought new\nchallenges on load balancing and energy dispatching to the Smart Grid. Potentially served as\ndistributed energy storage, Electric Vehicle�s (EV) battery can be used as a way to help mitigate the\npressure of fluctuation brought by RES and reinforce the stability of power systems. This paper gives\na comprehensive review of the current situation of EV technology and mainly emphasizing three EV\ndischarging operations which are Vehicle to Grid (V2G), Vehicle to Home (V2H), and Vehicle to\nBuilding (V2B), respectively. When needed, EV�s battery can discharge and send its surplus energy\nback to power grid, residential homes, or buildings. Based on our data analysis, we argue that V2G\nwith the largest transmission power losses is potentially less efficient compared with the other two\nmodes. We show that the residential users have the incentive to schedule the charging, V2G, and\nV2H according to the real-time price (RTP) and the market sell-back price. In addition, we discuss\nsome challenges and potential risks resulting from EVs� fast growth. Finally we propose some\nsuggestions on future power systems and also argue that some incentives or rewards need to be\nprovided to motivate EV owners to behave in the best interests of the overall power systems....
This paper describes in detail three kinds of typical compound braking strategy of wheel motor\ndrive electric vehicle and summarizes the current commonly used strategies based on the three\ntypical strategies developed. In the end, a new compound braking strategy is proposed; that is, we\ntake braking mode classify, ECE regulations and SOC value of the battery as an important reference\nof braking force that joins the motor braking force, as well as we join the different identification\nmodels; according to the different braking modes, the purpose is that we can apply the\ndifferent braking program....
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