Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
The currently available antibiotics and anthelmintic drugs from synthetic origin suffered with problems like gastro intestinal disturbances, undernourishment, anemia, eosinophilia, pneumonia and the high cost led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as alternative sources. The antibacterial activity tested by cup plate method and anthelmintic activity tested on Indian earth worms, Pheretima posthuma. The results of the antibacterial screening of aqueous extract of Acacia concinna fruits revealed that it has significant antibacterial activity against both gram +ve and gram –ve tested bacterial strains. The maximum antibacterial activity of aqueous extract was exhibited against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli and then Micrococcus luteus. The maximum antibacterial activity of alcoholic extract was exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, E. coli, Proteus vulgaris and then Bacillus subtilis. The alcoholic extract of pericarp of the fruits of Acacia concinna showed paralysis and death of worms faster at a concentration of 10 mg/ml when compared to the standard drug concentration (10 mg/ml). The aqueous extract of pericarp of fruits of Acacia concinna showed paralysis time near to standard drug, Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml). The reason behind the highly potent activity of alcoholic extract of Acacia concinna when compared to standard drug, piperazine citrate, may be due to presence of saponins and Tannins. Shikakai is a traditional promising agent in the health care of cosmetics for hair when compare widely using modern cosmetics for hair....
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important public health problem in several tropical and subtropical\nparts of the world particularly Thailand. Chemotherapy of CCA is largely ineffective and discovery and development\nof effective alternative drugs is urgently needed. The objective of the study was to confirm the anti-CCA potential\nas well as toxicity of the crude extract of Kaempferia galangal Linn. (rhizome) both in vitro and in animal models.\nMethods: The ethanolic extract of K. galanga Linn. rhizome, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) and 5-fluorouracil\n(5-FU) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against CCA cell line (CL-6) using MTT cell proliferation assay.\nAcute and subacute toxicity of the extract were evaluated in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice according to the\nOECD (International Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guideline. Anti-CCA activity was\nevaluated in CCA- xenografted nude mice.\nResults: Results of cytotoxicity test showed moderate activity of the extract and EPMC with median (95%\nconfidence interval: 95% CI) 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 64.2 (57.76ââ?¬â??72.11) and 49.19 (48.16ââ?¬â??52.29) Ã?¼g/ml,\nrespectively. The IC50 of 5-FU was 107.1 (103.53ââ?¬â??109.64) Ã?¼g/ml. The selectivity index (SI) values for the extract, EPMC\nand 5-FU against human normal cell line (OUMS) and cancer cell line (CL-6) were 2.2, 2.09 and 1.31, respectively.\nToxicity testing revealed no overt toxic effect up to the maximum single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and\nup to daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The extract at the maximum tolerated dose level of\n1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days exhibited promising anti-CCA activity in CL6-xenografted nude mice as\ndetermined by inhibitory activity on tumor growth (58.41%) and lung metastasis (33.3%), as well as prolongation of\nsurvival time (62 days).\nConclusion: The K. galangal Linn. rhizome extract and its bioactive compound EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic\nactivity against human CCA tumor (CL-6) cell line. Results of toxicity testing suggest that the extract was well\ntolerated up to the maximum single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body\nweight for 30 days. The extract exhibited promising anti-CCA activity in CL6-xenografed nude mice as determined\nby significant inhibitory activity on tumor growth and lung metastasis, as well as prolongation of survival time....
Background: Diarrheal disease remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. In order\nto alleviate this disease, Ethiopian traditional healers use a wide range of medicinal plants from which Lantana camara\nis one of them. The stem of this plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea. In addition, this plant\nis scientifically evaluated to have an antispasmodic effect on in vitro study. The aim of this study was to evaluate\nthe antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous stem extract of L. camara Linn in mice.\nMethods: The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling\nand small intestine transit models. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract,\nwhereas positive controls received Loperamide (3 mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (10 ml/kg).\nResults: In castor oil induced diarrhoea model, the extract, at all test doses, significantly (p < 0.001) prolonged\ndiarrhoea onset, decreased the frequency of defecation, and weight of faeces. Similarly, the extract produced a\nsignificant (p < 0.001) decline in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at all tested doses. In addition,\na significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test was also observed in all doses\nof the extract. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and\nphytosterols that may play a key role in its antidiarrheal activity.\nConclusion: The obtained results of the present study confirm antidiarrheal activity of the stem of L. camara,\nthus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant as a treatment for diarrhoea...
Background. Fruits ofMimusops kummel A. DC. (Sapotaceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea.Thepresent study\naimed at investigating modes of actions of this fruits for antidiarrheal action to guide future drug development process. Methods.\nFractions of chloroform, n-butanol, and water were obtained from 80% methanol extract, which was prepared by maceration.\nAntidiarrheal activities and the modes of actions were investigated in mice. Results. In castor oil induced diarrheal model, the\nextract delayed onset of diarrhea and reduced number and weight of feces at all tested doses significantly. In this model all fractions\nsignificantly delayed onset of diarrhea at all tested doses. Charcoal meal test showed that the extract and all the fractions produced\na significant antimotility effect at all tested doses. Enteropooling test showed that the extract as well as n-butanol and aqueous\nfractions at all tested doses produced a significant decline in volume and weight of intestinal contents, whereas chloroformfraction\nhad substantial effect only at high dose. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the extract and solvent fractions produced\nantidiarrheal activities due to dual inhibitory effect, intestinal motility, and fluid secretion, with the aqueous fraction being the\nmost active among fractions in three models....
The main aim of present study was the investigation of the analgesic and CNS depressant activities of rutin hydrate. Anxiety and depression are wide spread psychiatric disorders effecting around 5% of population. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict how the patient will respond to any given treatment. In the traditional system of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat anxiety and depressant activity for thousands of years. The analgesic activity was performed by using certain pharmacological screening methods like tail immersion method and eddy’s hot plate method on wistar albino rats, taking 50 mg and 100 mg of rutin hydrate. Diclofenac sodium is taken as standard analgesic drug. The present study was also designed to evaluate the central nervous system depressant activity of rutin hydrate. CNS depressant activity was tested by placing the rats in actophotometer. Rutin hydrate (100 mg) showed significant (p<0.001) basal reaction time compared to rutin hydrate (50 mg) treated rats. Rutin hydrate 100 mg>Rutin hydrate 50 mg>Diclofenac Na>Control. 50 mg and 100 mg concentration of rutin hydrate produced high analgesic activity when compared with the standard drug diclofenac Na. The results inferred that reduced aversion fear elicits anti anxiety activity. Rutin hydrate (100 mg) showed significant (p<0.001) spontaneous locomotor activity when compared to rutin hydrate (50 mg) treated rats. Diazepam 5 mg>Rutin hydrate 100 mg>Rutin hydrate 50 mg > Control. It was concluded that rutin hydrate also shows significant activity when compared with standard depressant drug diazepam....
San Leng powder extract has been used as medicinal compound for the prevention and treatment of cancers.Theantitumor activity\nof SLPE was determined by treating BALB/C mice harboring a human gastric cancer xenograft with SPLE for 17 days. Mice were\nalso treated with fluorouracil (5-Fu, 25mg/kg) or a combination of SLPE and 5-Fu. Our results indicate that the inhibition of tumor\ngrowth by SLPE might be due to a block in the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that SLPE might be\nuseful in the treatment of gastric cancer....
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