Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke (Acanthaceae) is\na native species from the Brazilian mangroves presenting ecological and economic significance.\nThis study compared the composition and the biological activities from the essential oils obtained from\ntwo A. schaueriana populations collected at Jureia-Itatins and Ilha do Cardoso. Methods: Essential oils\nwere obtained by conventional means, and their compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. Screening\nassays for antimicrobial activity were carried out by the microdilution method and the antioxidant\npotential was assessed by the DPPH scavenging method. Results: The GC-MS analysis indicated\nthat the Jureia oil (1) was composed mostly of the fatty acids palmitic (46.5%) and myristic (11.6%)\nacids, while the main components for the Ilha do Cardoso oil (2) were eugenol (19.7%), eugenol\nacetate (12.9%) and palmitic acid (15.1%). The oils showed an IC50 of 0.9 �± 0.011 mg/mL for 1 and\n1.13 �± 0.028 mg/mL for 2 in the DPPH assay. The antimicrobial assay indicated MIC > 217 �¼g/mL\nfor all tested microorganisms. Conclusions: The different essential oil composition may indicate the\npresence of chemotypes for A. schaueriana. The antioxidant activity of the oils was weak if compared\nwith flavonoids. Despite the high MIC values, these oils presented some antibacterial potential\nagainst Pseudomonas aeruginosa....
The risk created by infectious microorganisms to humans attracted the development\nof common medicine. To find an alternative source, medicinal\nplants with diverse metabolites play an important role in curing the diseases\nand human disorders caused by microbial pathogens. Medicinal plants namely,\nCitrullus colocynthis , Hyoscyamus muticus , Ocimum basilicum , Amaranthus\nlividus , Salvia aegyptiaca and Ruta chalepensis are commonly used as a\ntraditional medicine in Gulf countries. The present study aimed to investigate\nthe antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potential of the organic crude extracts\nobtained from the seeds. Besides, the possible antimicrobial mechanisms\nof the extracts were evaluated by determining the enzyme activities. The\nantibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extracts were evaluated by\nthe broth micro dilution method and the effect of the extracts on the pathogens\nwere determined by quantifying the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate\ndehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes and intracellular protein leakage. Besides, the\nantioxidant properties were determined using hydroxyl radical scavenging assay,\nDPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay and superoxide\nradical scavenging assay. Results indicated that the extracts of C. colocynthis\nshowed promising activity against all the tested pathogens, especially the MIC\nvalues were ranged from 100 to 150 �¼g/ml for Gram positive bacteria and 100\nto 250 �¼g/ml for Gram negative bacteria respectively. The MIC values of H.\nmuticus , O. basilicum and R. chalepensis against the fungal pathogens were\nranged from 100 to 500 �¼g/mL respectively. The ALP activity was higher in\nextract treated Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with control, whereas the\nLDH and protein concentrations for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus\nwere comparatively higher. Furthermore, all the studied seed extract\nshowed good antioxidant activities. In conclusion, the studied plant seed extracts\ndocumented good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Therefore,\nthe medicinal plants would be the excellent source for natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents for medical and applications....
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis\n(M. tuberculosis) grows as drug tolerant pellicles. Agents that inhibit biofilm formation in M. tuberculosis have\nthe potential to reduce the disease treatment period and improve the quality of tuberculosis chemotherapy.\nParinari curatellifolia (P. curatellifolia) leaf extracts are claimed to treat symptoms similar to tuberculosis in\nethnomedicinal practices. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) is a surrogate organism used in antimycobacterial\ndrug discovery assays. In this study, the effect of the leaf extracts of P. curatellifolia on M. smegmatis growth and biofilm\nformation was investigated in order to determine the basis of its use in traditional medicinal use.\nMethods: Phytochemicals from P. curatellifolia leaves were prepared using a mixture of 50% dichloromethane (DCM):\n50% methanol and by serial exhaustive extraction using different solvents of decreasing polarity. The solvents were\nused in the following order, hexane > dichloromethane > ethyl acetate > acetone >ethanol > methanol > water.\nThe micro-broth dilution method was used as an antimycobacterial susceptibility test to screen for the extract that\neffectively inhibited M. smegmatis growth and biofilm formation. Biofilm quantification was performed by staining the\nbiofilms with crystal violet and determining the amount of the stain using a spectrophotometer. In addition, the effects\nof combining the most active extract with kanamycin were also investigated.\nResults: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were found to be 6.2 �¼g/ml for the acetone\nextract, 12.5 �¼g/ml for both the ethanol and the total extract and 50 �¼g/ml for both the methanol and ethyl acetate\nextracts. The ethanol extract, dichloromethane extract and water extract were the only extracts that effectively inhibited\nbiofilm formation in M. smegmatis. Combining the ethanol extract with kanamycin enhanced the effect of the ethanol\nextract in terms of inhibition of biofilm formation.\nConclusions: P. curatellifolia leaves contain phytochemicals that have the potential to be used both as\nantimycobacterial and anti-biofilm formation compounds....
By using extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, antidiabetic activities (PTP-1B and �±-glycosidase), and antioxidant activity\n(ABTS and DPPH) as indicated markers, the extraction conditions of the prescription Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit (KWZ) were\noptimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Independent variables were ethanol concentration, extraction temperature,\nsolid-to-solvent ratio, and extraction time. The result of RSM analysis showed that the four variables investigated have a significant\neffect (p < 0.05) for Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5 with R2 value of 0.9120, 0.9793, 0.9076, 0.9125, and 0.9709, respectively. Optimal conditions\nfor the highest extraction yield of 39.28%, PTP-1B inhibition rate of 86.21%, �±-glycosidase enzymes inhibition rate of 96.56%, and\nABTS inhibition rate of 77.38% were derived at ethanol concentration 50.11%, extraction temperature 72.06�°C, solid-to-solvent\nratio 1 : 22.73 g/mL, and extraction time 2.93 h. On the basis of total polyphenol content of 48.44% in this optimal condition, the\nquantitative analysis of effective part of KWZ was characterized via UPLC method, 12 main components were identified by standard\ncompounds, and all of them have shown good regression within the test ranges and the total content of them was 11.18%....
Background: Volatile oil from aromatic plants has been used by ancient Egyptians in embalming for the inhibition\nof bacterial growth and prevention of decay, Callistemon citrinus is used in traditional therapies for the treatment of\nbronchitis, cough, inflammation and as an antimicrobial herbs. This study examines the essential constituents of the\nvolatile oils obtained from the aerial parts of the plant as well as its antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging,\nphenolic content and the antibacterial potential of the oils.\nMethods: A portion of 500 g, 250 g and 150 g of the leaves, flowers and stems of this plant respectively were\nsubjected to hydro-distillation process for three hours. The oils collected from the various plant parts were\nimmediately subjected to GC-MS analysis. The overall phenolic content of the leaves oil, radical scavenging,\nantibacterial action and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of both the leaves and flowers of Callistemon\ncitrinus were determined using standard methods, with free radical DPPH and ABTS as a reference antioxidant.\nResults: Analyses of the three oils revealed a total of twenty-six components for the leaves oil representing 96.84% of\nthe total oil composition, forty-one components for the flowers oil accounting for 98.92% of the whole composition\nand ten components for the stem oil amounting to 99.98% of the entire oil constituents. The dominant compounds in\nthe leaves oil were eucalyptol (48.98%) and Ã?±-terpineol (8.01%), while Ã?±-eudesmol (12.93%), caryophyllene (11.89%),\n(âË?â??)-bornyl-acetate (10.02%) and eucalyptol (8.11%) were the main constituents of the flowers oil. In the same vein, the\nleading constituents in the stems oil were eucalyptol (56.00%) and Ã?±-pinene (31.03%). The antioxidant capacities of\nboth the leaves and flowers oils of the plant were evaluated and their IC50 were (1.49 and 1.13) for DPPH and (0.14 and\n0.03) for ABTS assay respectively. The antibacterial activities of the oils from the (leaves and flowers) were also\nexamined and were found to have wide range of activities against the bacterial strains used in this study.\nConclusion: Observations drawn from this experiment shows clearly that the leaves and flowers of Callistemon citrinus\npossess phenolic compounds and cyclic ether of several pharmacological behaviors....
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