Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
The use of antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation is associated with an increased risk of developmental disorders. One of the\nnatural medicinal plantsââ?¬â?Rhodiola kirilowii, widely used as an immunostimulant in adultsââ?¬â?might be a good alternative to\nantibiotic treatment. The aim of present study was to assess whether daily oral administration of 20 mg/kg of Rhodiola kirilowii\naqueous (RKW) or 50% hydroalcoholic (RKW-A) extracts affected hematological and immunological parameters of 6-week-old\nmouse progeny. There was no significant change in hematological parameters of blood with the exception of hemoglobin, which\nwas significantly higher (about 4%) in RKW group. Offspring of mothers fed Rhodiola kirilowii extracts had increased\npercentage of granulocytes and decreased percentage of lymphocytes. These changes correlated with decreased percentage of\nCD3+/CD4+ T-cells (RKW and RKW-A), decrease of CD8+ cells, and increase percentage of NK cells in RKW group. In\naddition, both types of Rhodiola kirilowii extracts stimulated granulocyte phagocytosis and increased level of respiratory burst.\nIn conclusion, the long-term supplementation of mouse mothers during pregnancy and lactation with RKW or RKW-A extracts\naffects the immune system of their progeny. These results should be taken into consideration before administration of Rhodiola\nkirilowii to pregnant and lactating women....
Background: Schistosoma mansoni and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are co-existence in sub-Saharan Africa and coinfection\nis common among humans population. The immunological responses characterized with Th2-immune\nresponses for S. mansoni and Th1-immune responses for HCV are responsible for development hepatic morbidities\nin infected individuals. However, the co-occurrences of S. mansoni and HCV infection, their related ultrasound\ndetectable morbidities and associated risk factors at community levels have not been examined in fishing\ncommunities, north-western Tanzania. In this context, the present study covers that gap.\nMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1924 asymptomatic individuals aged 15ââ?¬â??55 years in four\nfishing villages (Igombe, Igalagala, Sangabuye and Kayenze) of Northwestern Tanzania. A single stool sample was\ncollected from each study participants and examined for S. mansoni eggs using Kato Katz technique. Hepatitis C\nsurface antigen (HCVsAg) was determined from a finger prick blood sample using a rapid test.\nResults: Overall, 51.8% (997/1924; 95%CI: 49.6ââ?¬â??54.1) of the study participants were infected with S. mansoni and\nhad a mean intensity of 223.7epg (95%; 202.4ââ?¬â??247.1). Of the study participants, 90 (4.7%) were infected with\nhepatitis C virus (HCV). Overall, 2. 4% (47/1924) of the study participants were co-infected with S. mansoni and\nhepatitis C virus. Among the co-infected individuals, 42.6%, 70.2% and 19.1% had splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and\nperiportal fibrosis (PPF). Factors associated with S. mansoni/HCV co-infection were being aged 26ââ?¬â??35 years (aRR = 2.\n67, 95%CI: 1.03ââ?¬â??6.93, P < 0.04), 46ââ?¬â??55 years (aRR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.10ââ?¬â??7.57, P < 0.03) and having marked hepatomegaly\n(aRR = 2.32, 95%CI: 1.09ââ?¬â??4.9, P < 0.03).\nConclusion: In this setting, S. mansoni and Hepatitis C are co-endemic and a proportion of individuals were coinfected.\nHepatosplenic morbidities characterized with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and PPF\nwere observed in co-infected individuals. These results highlight the need for integrated interventions measures\nagainst parasitic and viral diseases....
The concept of ââ?¬Å?serodiscordanceââ?¬Â (mixed infection status) is primarily associated with epidemiological concerns about HIV\ntransmission risk in couples. We make the case for extending this concept to include families with mixed HIV and viral hepatitis\nstatus. Social research on couples with mixed HIV and hepatitis C status has laid an important foundation for illuminating how\nexperiences of serodiscordance within intimate partnerships aremuch broader than concerns about risk. This body ofwork attests to\nserodiscordance holding promise as a valuable concept for understanding viral infections as socially situated and intensely relational\nphenomena. However, serodiscordance is still limited as a concept because of its near universal focus on couples. It is rarely applied\nto wider relationships, including family networks beyond the couple. Despite evidence in the literature that families are affected\nby blood-borne viruses in multiple social, emotional, financial, and generational ways, the concept of serodiscordance does not\ncapture these broader dynamics. Making serodiscordance more inclusive is an important step in recognising the diverse ways\nfamiliesââ?¬â?¢ everyday lives, relationships, and futures can be entangled with HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B, and for understanding\nhow todayââ?¬â?¢s era of effective treatment options might shape the ââ?¬Å?family lifeââ?¬Â of viral infections....
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In Nepal, the prevalence of\nHBV is found to be low (0.9%), although high prevalence (ââ?°Â¥8%) of HBV infection is depicted among subgroup/\npopulation in the mountain region by various studies. This study assessed the prevalence and the risk of HBV infection\namong mothers, as well as among the youngest child under 5 years old living with hepatitis B positive mothers\nin Dolpa, the most remote mountain district of Nepal.\nMethods: The cross sectional study survey was conducted between June and July 2014. All mothers with their\nyoungest child under 5 years old were invited to participate in the survey and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen\n(HBsAg). The HBsAg positive mothers were further tested by 5-panel HBV test card. Children living with HBsAg positive\nmothers were also tested for HBsAg.\nResults: One hundred fifty-one mothers, comprising 37% of the total study population in the selected Village\nDevelopment Committees (VDCs), were surveyed in the mobile health camps. The seroprevalence of HBsAg\namong mothers and their youngest child under 5 years old living with HBsAg positive mothers were 17% (95% CI,\n11.01ââ?¬â??22.99%) and 48% (95%CI, 28.42ââ?¬â??67.58%) respectively.\nThe majority of HBV infected mothers were indigenous (84%) followed by Dalit (4%) and other castes (12%). Among\nHBV infected mothers, 40% were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive. The prevalence of HBsAg was higher\namong children living with HBeAg positive mothers as compared to HBeAg negative (60% vs 40%) and male children\ncompared to female (60% vs 33%). Thirty-six percent of children were vaccinated with a full course of the hepatitis B\nvaccine. Of these vaccinated children, 56% were HBsAg sero-positive.\nConclusions: The HBV infection rate is high among mothers and children living with HBsAg positive mothers in the\nindigenous population of the most remote mountain community of Nepal....
Background. TLR ligands can promote Th1-biased immune responses, mimicking potent stimuli of viruses and bacteria. Aim. To\ninvestigate the adjuvant properties of dual TLR2/7 ligands compared to those of the mixture of both single ligands. Methods.\nDual TLR2/7 ligands: CL401, CL413, and CL531, including CL264 (TLR7-ligand) and Pam2CysK4 (TLR2-ligand), were used.\nImmune-modulatory capacity of the dual ligands with the individual ligands alone or as a mixture in mouse BMmDCs,\nBMmDC:TC cocultures, or BMCMCs was compared and assessed in na�¯ve mice and in a mouse model of OVA-induced\nintestinal allergy. Results. CL413 and CL531 induced BMmDC-derived IL-10 secretion, suppressed rOVA-induced IL-5 secretion\nfrom OVA-specific DO11.10 CD4+ TCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo. In contrast, CL401 induced\nconsiderably less IL-10 secretion and led to IL-17A production in BMmDC:TC cocultures, but not BMCMC IL-6 secretion, or\nIL-6 or TNF-�± production in vivo. No immune-modulating effects were observed with single ligands. All dual TLR2/7 ligands\nsuppressed DNP-induced IgE-and-Ag-specific mast cell degranulation. Compared to vaccination with OVA, vaccination with\nthe mixture CL531 and OVA, significantly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production in the intestinal allergy model. Conclusions.\nBased on beneficial immune-modulating properties, CL413 and CL531 may have utility as potential adjuvants for allergy treatment....
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