Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 7 Articles
The point of present examination was to investigate the anti-anxiety activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Tradescantia spathacea utilizing different animal models (elevated plus maze, open field test, light and dark test and social interaction test) of anxiety in mice. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) was utilized as the standard and measurement of hydroalcoholic extract of T. spathacea (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was chosen according to OECD rules. Results recommended that concentrate of T. spathacea at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose produced anti-anxiety effects almost similar to diazepam and at 50 mg/kg dosage did not create against anti-anxiety activity on any of the paradigm used. Additionally ponders are expected to recognize the anxiolytic mechanism(s) and the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed central effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of T. spathacea....
Hypertension an important global health challenge is the prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease. Natural products are emerging as new therapeutic tools in the management of hypertension due to side effects and the patient’s adherence of the existing treatments. In present study we investigated the antihypertensive effect of the Euphorbia hirta in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)–salt model of hypertension in rats. Administration of Euphorbia hirta extract (PJ- 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) for 4 weeks in DOCA treated rats significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and vascular reactivity changes to various catecholamines. E. hirta treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); while enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSH) in kidney tissue were significantly increased. Results of the present work suggest that Euphorbia hirta extract has an antihypertensive action in unilateral nephrectomized DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and could be possible starting point for treatment of hypertension with increased patient adherence....
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the estrogenic effects of the extracts\nfrom Chinese yam and its effective compounds. Methods: The activity of the yam was investigated\nby the uterine weight gain of mice and a proliferation assay of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 cell);\nthe estrogenic activity was comprehensively evaluated by a serum pharmacology experiment.\nThe levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)\nwere also measured. Western blot analysis and antagonist assays with faslodex (ICI182,780),\nmethylpiperidino-pyrazole (MPP), Delta (9) ââ?¬â??tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and G-15 were used\nto explore the mechanism of the effects of the yam. To find the effective compounds of the yam which\nplay a role in its estrogen-like effects, we used the same methods to study the effects of adenosine\nand arbutin. Results: The Chinese yam and two main compounds, adenosine and arbutin, have\nestrogen-like effects. The mechanism of the yam which plays a role in its estrogen-like effects was\nmainly mediated by the estrogen receptors ERÃ?±, ERÃ?², and GPR30; that of adenosine was mainly\nmediated by estrogen receptors ERÃ?± and ERÃ?², and that of arbutin was mainly mediated by estrogen\nreceptors ERÃ?² and GPR30. Conclusions: The Chinese yam has estrogen-like effects; adenosine and\narbutin are two of the effective compounds in the yam which play a role in its estrogen-like effects....
Introduction. In the discovery of more potent and selective anticancer drugs, the research continually expands and explores new\nbioactive metabolites coming from different natural sources. Gallnuts are a group of very special natural products formed through\nparasitic interaction between plants and insects. Though it has been traditionally used as a source of drugs for the treatment of\ncancerous diseases in traditional and folk medicinal systems through centuries, the anticancer properties of gallnuts are barely\nsystematically reviewed. Objective. To evidence the traditional uses and phytochemicals and pharmacological mechanisms in\nanticancer aspects of gallnuts, a literature review was performed. Materials and Methods. The systematic review approach consisted\nof searching web-based scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keywords for searching\ninclude gallnut, Galla Chinensis, Rhus chinensis, Rhus potaninii, Rhus punjabensis, nutgall, gall oak, Quercus infectoria, Quercus\nlusitanica, and galla turcica. Two reviewers extracted papers independently to remove the papers unrelated to the anticancer\nproperties of gallnuts. Patents, abstracts, case reports, and abstracts in symposium and congress were excluded. Results and\nConclusion. As a result, 14 articles were eligible to be evaluated. It is primarily evident that gallnuts contain a number of bioactive\nmetabolites, which account for anticancer activities. The phytochemical and pharmacological studies reviewed strongly underpin\na fundamental understanding of anticancer properties for gallnuts (Galla Chinensis and Galla Turcica) and support their ongoing\nclinical uses in China.Thefurther bioactive compounds screening and evaluation, pharmacological investigation, and clinical trials\nare expected to progress gallnut-based development to finally transform the wild medicinal gallnuts to the valuable authorized\nanticancer drugs....
Roccella montagnei (family Roccelleceae) a fruticose lichen growing luxuriantly along the coastal regions of India. As the Roccella genus has been shown to be biologically active, we assessed the complete biological profile of mangrove associated lichen, R. montagnei. Initially, the hydroalcoholic extract of manglicolous lichen, R. montagnei was prepared and re-extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The resultant extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial (using four different bacterial and two fungal strains by cup-plate method), antimycobacterial (by MABA), antioxidant activity (DPPH, Superoxide and ABTS assays), cytotoxicity activity (by SRB assay using five different cancer cell lines i.e., MCF-7, DLD-1, HeLa, FADU and A549) and the toxicity studies on NHME cell lines. All the screened extracts showed differences in composition and biological activities. The chloroform and methanolic extracts showed potent inhibitory activity against S. aureus. The methanolic extract depicted prominent inhibitory profile against M. tuberculosis stain. The IC50 values of acetone extract was found to 90, 90.2 and 92.7 µg/ml on DPPH, ABTS and superoxide free radicals, respectively, while RC depicted 98.5, 99.8 and 106.5 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the chloroform extract showed good degree of specificity towards DLD-1 with IC50 of 20.5 µg/ml and acetone extract towards FADU with IC50 of 42.1 µg/ml. Simultaneously, all the tested extracts depicted low degree of specificity towards NHME cell lines. This study reveals that this mangrove associated lichen, R. montagnei might be a good source of antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antiradicals and anticancer agents....
Herbal drugs have been widely used throughout the course of history. Traditional\nknowledge based on religious beliefs and/or experience has been transmitted orally between\ngenerations. First attempts to provide scientific evidence came in the 19th century when potent\ncompounds were first isolated. Since then, modern pharmacology theory has been assumed by\nphytotherapy. Scientists have tried to elucidate the molecular mechanism of each compound and,\nfor a pharmacological indication, propose an effective and secure dose. Stepwise, clinical trials\nconfirm the benefits of herbal drug use in therapeutics, especially for chronic diseases. However,\nherbal drugs exert pleiotropic effects, and there is still a need for a complete, rational, and widely\naccepted theory that can explain phytotherapy efficacy. The ââ?¬Å?-omicsââ?¬Â might help with this matter.\nStudies of modification in the gene expression profile, the metabolome, and the physiopathological\nstate after the administration of a herbal extract could provide relevant information that verifies\nherbal therapies...
Although humic acids (HAs) from peat exhibit various therapeutic properties, there is\nlittle information available concerning their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. To address\nthis issue, nine different types of peat, including oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and minerotrophic peat\nsamples, were used for isolation ofHA fractions by basic (HAb) and pyrophosphate (HAp) extractions.\nPhysical parameters of the HAs were analyzed by UV-Vis, fluorescent, infrared (IR), and electron\nparamagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. AverageMr of the fractions ranged from 17.2 to 39.7 kDa,\nwhile their humification index (HIX) varied from 0.49 to 1.21. HAp fractions had a higher content of\naromatic structures compared to HAb fractions. Moreover, HAp fractions had a significantly higher\ncontent of phenolic OH groups (3.6 �± 0.5 mmol/g) versus HAb (3.1 �± 0.5 mmol/g). All HA fractions\nexhibited antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and electrochemical assays, and their EPR signal\nhad a single line with g = 2.0035, which is consistent with semiquinone type radicals. Furthermore,\nthe HIX was found to be important in determining the number of semiquinone-type free radicals\nin the HA structures. Overall, these data provide a molecular basis to explain at least part of the\nbeneficial therapeutic properties of peat-derived HAs....
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