Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Natural polymer research has recently become the focus of intensive research in the quest for new enabling excipients for novel\ndrugs in pharmaceutical formulation for optimal treatment outcomes. Evaluations of some excipients have shown deleterious\nhaematological effects of varying extents on the safety profile of these excipients. A 90-day subchronic toxicity study was conducted\nto evaluate the influence of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin on indicators for haematotoxicity. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats\n(SDRs) were fed with CPH pectin in doses up to 71.4 mg/kg. The effects of CPH pectin on the haematological indices, direct and\ntotal bilirubin, and the spleen were determined.The results indicated that CPH pectin did not induce any untoward toxic effects\non the haematological indices, bilirubin levels, and the spleen. There were, however, elevations in MCV at day 30, which was not\nsustained after the 90 days. The data obtained from this study did not reveal any remarkable findings of toxicological relevance to\nthe haematopoietic system....
Background: The study was to develop an extended release (ER) encapsulated and compacted pellets of Atenolol\nusing hydrophobic (wax based and polymeric based) and high viscosity grade hydrophilic matrix formers to control\nthe release of this highly water soluble drug by extrusion/spheronization (ES). Atenolol is used for cardiovascular\ndiseases and available as an immediate release (IR) tablet dosage form. The lipids, Carnauba wax (CW), Glyceryl\nmonostearate (GMS) and cellulose based i.e. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Ethyl cellulose (EC) were\nused in preparing Atenolol ER pellets. Thermal sintering and compaction techniques were also applied to control\nthe burst release of Atenolol.\nMethod: For this purpose, thirty-six trial formulations (F1-F36) were designed by Response Surface Methodology\n(RSM), using Design-Expert 10 software, keeping (HPMC K4M, K15 M & K100 M), (EC 7FP, 10FP & 100FP), waxes\n(GMS, & CW), their combinations, sintering temperature and duration, as input variables. Dissolution studies were\nperformed in pH, 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 dissolution media. Drug release kinetics using different models such as zero order,\nfirst order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixon Crowell, Baker-Lonsdale and Higuchi kinetics were studied with the help of\nDDsolver, an excel based add-in program.\nResults: The formulations F35 and F36 showed compliance with Korsmeyer-Peppas Super case II transport model\n(R2 = 0.975ââ?¬â??0.971) in dissolution medium pH 4.5. No drug excipient interaction observed by FTIR. Stereomicroscopy\nshowed that sintered combination pellets, (F35), were highly spherical (AR = 1.061, and sphericity = 0.943). The\ncross-sectional SEM magnification (at 7000X) of F34 and F35 showed dense cross-linking. The results revealed that\nthe optimized formulations were F35 (sintered pellets) and F36 (compacted pellets) effectively controlling the drug\nrelease for 12 h.\nConclusion: Extended-release encapsulated, and compacted pellets were successfully prepared after the\ncombination of lipids CW (10%) and GMS (20%) with EC (10FP 20% & 100FP 20%). Sintering and compaction, in\naddition, stabilized the system and controlled the initial burst release of the drug. Extended release (ER) Atenolol is\nan effective alternative of IR tablets in controlling hypertension and treating other cardiovascular diseases....
Wound management, in addition to presenting a significant burden to patients and their\nfamilies, also contributes significantly to a country�s healthcare costs. Treatment strategies are\nnumerous, but in most cases not ideal. Hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric materials that can\nwithstand a great degree of swelling without losing structural integrity, are drawing great attention\nfor their use as topical wound management solutions in the form of films and as vehicles for drug\ndelivery, due to their unique properties of high water content, biocompatibility, and flexibility.\nHydrogels, both naturally and synthetically derived, can be tuned to respond to specific stimuli such\nas pH, temperature and light and they are ideally suited as drug delivery vehicles. Here we provide a\nbrief overview of the history and characteristics of hydrogels, assess their uses in wound management\nand drug delivery, and compare them with other types of common drug delivery vehicle....
Nanotechnology plays a significant role in drug development. As carriers, polymeric\nnanoparticles can deliver vaccine antigens, proteins, and drugs to the desired site of action. Polymeric\nnanoparticles with lower cytotoxicity can protect the delivered antigens or drugs from degradation\nunder unfavorable conditions via a mucosal administration route; further, the uptake of nanoparticles\nby antigen-presenting cells can increase and induce potent immune responses. Additionally,\nnanomaterials are widely used in vaccine delivery systems because nanomaterials can make the\nvaccine antigen long-acting. This review focuses on some biodegradable polymer materials such\nas natural polymeric nanomaterials, chemically synthesized polymer materials, and biosynthesized\npolymeric materials, and points out the advantages and the direction of research on degradable\npolymeric materials. The application and future perspectives of polymeric materials as delivery\ncarriers and vaccine adjuvants in the field of drugs and vaccines are presented. With the increase of\nknowledge and fundamental understandings of polymer-based nanomaterials, means of integrating\nsome other attractive properties, such as slow release, target delivery, and alternative administration\nmethods and delivery pathways are feasible. Polymer-based nanomaterials have great potential for\nthe development of novel vaccines and drug systems for certain needs, including single-dose and\nneedle-free deliveries of vaccine antigens and drugs in the future....
Benexate, a drug used clinically as a defensive type anti-ulcer agent, has poor solubility\nand a bitter taste. To improve its solubility, a crystal engineering approach was proposed with the\nformation of novel salts using an artificial sweetener as a salt co-former. This was also expected to\naddress the bitter taste of the drug. In this work, we report on the preparation and evaluation of the\nphysicochemical properties of the novel salts benexate saccharinate monohydrate and benexate\ncyclamate whose crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis.\nThese novel salts showed higher solubility and faster dissolution profiles that were associated\nwith the occurrence of local layered-like structures. They also showed better moisture uptake profiles\nand were classified as non-hygroscopic materials. Therefore, benexate saccharinate monohydrate\nand benexate cyclamate expedited the development of sweet pharmaceutical salts of benexate with\nimproved performances....
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