Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Concurrent dural and leptomeningeal metastatic carcinomatosis are very rare\nand have a poor prognosis. Here we present a woman with advanced estrogen\nreceptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive breast cancer\nwho presented with leptomeningeal disease. Patient underwent multi targeted\nepigenetic therapies applied in a protocol called MTET. She continued to respond\nto the interval treatment, which consisted only of the nutraceutical\nagents. Here we discuss her case in detail and we believe that such an example\nmight be applied to other patients in this situation resulting clinical improvement\nand less toxicity....
Background: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of\nchemotherapy in carefully selected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.\nHow generalizable these results are to other NSCLC patients is unresolved.\nMethods: The outcomes of patients treated with standard chemotherapy regimens\n(paclitaxel/carboplatin; gemcitabine/carboplatin; pemetrexed/carboplatin;\npaclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab) off study as first line therapy between\n2002 and 2012 at our institution were compared to the reported results of trials\nsupporting the FDA approval of these drugs and/or regimens. Results: In\nour population, 38.1% of the patients had hypertension, 11.9% of the patients\nwere diabetic, 23.7% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),\n11.9% had coronary artery disease (CAD) and 2.1% had renal or liver disease.\nNotably, the presence of a single or multiple comorbidities was associated\nwith low overall survival compared to matched patients with no comorbidities\n(p = 0.007). Conclusion: The presence of single or multiple comorbidities is\nassociated with inferior overall survival compared to matched groups without\nsuch pre-existing conditions....
Chemotherapy is one of the major therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Chemotherapy is\noften associated with a low therapeutic window due to its poor specificity towards tumor cells/tissues.\nAntibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology may provide a potentially new therapeutic solution for\ncancer treatment. ADC technology uses an antibody-mediated delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the\ntumors in a targeted manner, while sparing normal cells. Such a targeted approach can improve the\ntumor-to-normal tissue selectivity and specificity in chemotherapy. Considering its importance in\ncancer treatment, we aim to review recent efforts for the design and development of ADCs. ADCs are\nmainly composed of an antibody, a cytotoxic payload, and a linker, which can offer selectivity against\ntumors, anti-cancer activity, and stability in systemic circulation. Therefore, we have reviewed\nrecent updates and principal considerations behind ADC designs, which are not only based on the\nidentification of target antigen, cytotoxic drug, and linker, but also on the drug-linker chemistry\nand conjugation site at the antibody. Our review focuses on site-specific conjugation methods for\nproducing homogenous ADCs with constant drug-antibody ratio (DAR) in order to tackle several\ndrawbacks that exists in conventional conjugation methods....
Objectives. Oncological and functional results of open conservation surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer have beendesired. Methods.\nWe performed a chart review of 33 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent open conservation surgery. Oncological\nand functional results were evaluated in surgery with primary closure (Group A) and surgery with reconstruction (Group B).\nPostoperative functions were evaluated by interval to resumption of oral intake, Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) and\nCommunication Scale (CS). Results. Five-year disease-specific and overall cumulative survival rates by Kaplan-Meier method for\nall cases were 95.7% and 82.3%, respectively. Duration from surgery to full oral intake was 12 days inGroup A and 14 days inGroup\nB. FOSS rates were 83.3 in Group A and 95.5 in Group B. CS was 0 in both groups. Conclusion. Oncological and functional results\nof open conservation surgery were comparable to those with transoral surgery and chemo/radiotherapy. Our technique represents\na reliable treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer....
The Hippo pathway serves as a key barrier for oncogenic transformation. It acts by limiting\nthe activity of the proto-oncogenes YAP and TAZ. Reduced Hippo signaling and elevated YAP/TAZ\nactivities are frequently observed in various types of tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that\nthe ubiquitin system plays an important role in regulating Hippo pathway activity. Deregulation\nof ubiquitin ligases and of deubiquitinating enzymes has been implicated in increased YAP/TAZ\nactivity in cancer. In this article, we review recent insights into the ubiquitin-mediated regulation of\nthe mammalian Hippo pathway, its deregulation in cancer, and possibilities for targeting the Hippo\npathway through the ubiquitin system....
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