Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Abstract: Low- and middle-income countries lag behind in research that is related to the construction\nindustry and the waste problems that the sector is facing. Literature shows that waste reduction and\nrecycling have received a continuous interest from researchers, but mainly from developed countries.\nFew reports from low- and middle-income countries are concerned about the reuse of masonry,\nconcrete, and mortar in clay based building ceramics or recycling construction waste, but mostly\nin relation to concrete aggregates. Furthermore, few authors have described the major barriers and\nmotivations for construction waste reduction. The objective of this paper is to report the findings on\na research performed in Costa Rica with the objective to determine the barriers and motivations that\nthe construction sector is facing to improve the management of the construction materials. The study\nis based on data collected in two phases. During the first phase, a survey was sent via e-mail to 419\nmain contractors registered at the School Federation of Engineers and Architects (CFIA). The second\nphase consisted of a focus group discussion with 49 professionals from the construction industry to\nanalyse and validate the findings from the survey. Descriptive statistic methods helped to draw the\nconclusions. The result of the research is a comprehensive list of observed barriers and motivations\nfor waste reduction practices in the construction sector. These are not only applicable to Costa Rica,\nbut can be used as a guide for similar studies in other low- and middle-income countries....
An innovative steel and concrete composite bridge deck slab using bent bars and epoxy as shear connectors was proposed. Four\nslab specimens with different types of concrete were fabricated and tested to study the load capacities of positive and negative\nmoment regions of the slabs. The cracking and ultimate loads of the specimens were recorded and compared with the results\ncalculated through the reinforced concrete theory and with the design load of the bridge deck slab. It was found that reinforced\nconcrete theory can generally be applied for the proposed slab as well. The effectiveness of the shear connector design of the\nproposed slab was validated. Meanwhile, the unfavourable effect of the haunch on the shear capacities of the positive moment\nregion of steel and concrete composite bridge deck slab was observed....
This article presents the developed methodology of classifying and evaluating the causes of\naccidents involving construction scaffolding. This methodology allows the causes of accidents to be\nidentified, classified into generic groups, and also allows the importance of individual causes in their\ngeneric groups to be assessed. For the classification of causes, the Technicalââ?¬â??Organizationalââ?¬â??Human\n(TOH) method was used. Its assumption is the division of causes into technical (T), organizational\n(O), and human (H) ones. Pareto-Lorenz analysis and ABC classification were used to identify the\nmost important causes. The developed methodology was used to analyze and assess the causes of\naccidents that involve construction scaffolding using the data of accidents that occurred in Poland as\nan example. The use of the proposed methodology in different countries will enable the results of the\nconducted studies and analysis to be compared, and conclusions that would be of a great importance\nin accident prevention to be drawn...
This article presents the developed methodology of classifying and evaluating the causes of\naccidents involving construction scaffolding. This methodology allows the causes of accidents to be\nidentified, classified into generic groups, and also allows the importance of individual causes in their\ngeneric groups to be assessed. For the classification of causes, the Technicalââ?¬â??Organizationalââ?¬â??Human\n(TOH) method was used. Its assumption is the division of causes into technical (T), organizational\n(O), and human (H) ones. Pareto-Lorenz analysis and ABC classification were used to identify the\nmost important causes. The developed methodology was used to analyze and assess the causes of\naccidents that involve construction scaffolding using the data of accidents that occurred in Poland as\nan example. The use of the proposed methodology in different countries will enable the results of the\nconducted studies and analysis to be compared, and conclusions that would be of a great importance\nin accident prevention to be drawn....
Congestion is the major cause of crowd stampede-trampling and crushing incidents. To alleviate the phenomenon of congestion\nin the process of evacuation, theory of split-flow wall is put forward to optimize the evacuation and the principle of it is analyzed.\nBased on the occupant evacuation software of buildingEXODUS, the set parameters of the split-flow wall are studied, and we find\nthat the best range of shunt wall length is 1.5ââ?¬â??2 times the export width and the best position of the split-flow wall is 0.5 to 0.75 times\nthe export width far fromthe exit. Shunt wall can effectively alleviate and even eliminate the congestion in the process of evacuation\nand will not affect safe evacuation when crowd density is low....
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