Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Laos is an agricultural based country. As agriculture is the main source of\nfood for any country, it is important to have a proper irrigation system. This\npaper shows a design of automatic irrigation system based on android application\nusing Raspberry Pi microcontroller, soil moisture and temperature\nsensor to help a famer to control and monitor a farm. This work facilitates the\nfarm irrigation by switching the pump motor ON/OFF through android cell\nphone. This automatic irrigation system has a low cost and can be affordable\nby many Lao farmers. The study shows that the system is useful to provide\noptimal amount of water for increase the productivity of crop....
The potential of single-seed near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated to\ncharacterise castor seeds based on their seed viability and seed oil content. Distinct differences\nbetween viable and non-viable seeds were observed in the principal component analysis\n(PCA) analysis. Furthermore, the PCA compared heavy and medium seeds with light seeds, which\nwere comparable to the clusters of viable and non-viable seeds, respectively. Prediction accuracies of\n98.7% and 99.6% were obtained with the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model\nwith a classification error rate of 0.8% and 1.1% for the training set and test set, respectively. The NIR\nspectral regions having chemical information from the oil in castor seeds were found to be vital for\ndetermination of seed viability....
Due to water shortages and the increasing need for food in recent years, the optimization of\nwater consumption parameters, fertilizers, and food production are essential and a priority. The aim\nof this study is to investigate the effect of partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) methods on corn plant\ncharacteristics. The study also tried to measure the water use efficiency (WUE) of corn in pot\ncultivation and provide the best method of management in the fields of irrigation and fertigation.\nFor this purpose, three irrigation methods, including alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI),\nfixed partial root-zone irrigation (FPRI), and conventional irrigation (CI) were studied in pots,\nand completely randomized blocks with eight replications were carried out. Each pot was evenly\nseparated with plastic sheets into two sub-parts of equal volume, between which no water exchange\noccurred. The water content of the field capacity was calculated by the weighting method. The water\nrequirement was provided daily, equal to 95% of the field capacity water content. Parameters\nincluding shoot and root dry weight, nitrate (N) uptake, the remaining nitrate in the soil, leaf area\nindex, and WUE during the growing season were measured and compared. According to the results,\nthe amount of saved water using the FPRI and APRI methods compared to the CI method were 28%\nand 32%, respectively. The highest and lowest WUE were observed as equal to 4.88 and 3.82 g/L\nusing the APRI and CI methods, respectively, among which the CI method had the highest yield\naccording to the amount of utilized water. Given the statistical examinations, there was no significant\ndifference in the nitrate level of plants between CI and APRI, and the lowest uptake was observed in\nFPRI. Finally, considering indicators of yield production and WUE simultaneously, the APRI method\nwas selected as the best method of management....
Climate change and hydrological cycles can critically impact future water resources.\nUncertainties in current climate models result in disagreement on the amount of water resources.\nSoil moisture and vegetation water content are key environmental variables on evaporation and\ntranspiration at the landââ?¬â??atmosphere boundary. Radar remote sensing helps to improve our estimate\nof water resources spatially and temporally. This work proposes a backscattered power formulation\nfor the Ku-band. Li et al. (2010) retrieved soil moisture and vegetation water content values using\nWindsat data and simultaneous collocated QuikSCAT backscattered power are used to estimate\ndifferent parameters of backscatter formulation. These parameters are used to estimate soil moisture\nand vegetation water content using QuikSCAT power everywhere and every day during the summer\nseason. The 2-folded cross validation method is used to evaluate the performance of soil moisture\nand vegetation water content retrieval. A relatively large correlation is observed between vegetation\nwater content using WindSat and QuikSCAT data in land classes of Evergreen Needleleaf, Evergreen\nBroadleaf, Deciduous Broadleaf, and Mixed Forests. Similarly, the retrieved soil moisture using\nQuikSCAT in areas with bare surface fraction of greater than 60% shows relatively high correlation\nwithWindSat values. QuikSCAT satellite collects data over land globally almost every day. Therefore,\nQuikSCAT data can be used to generate a global map of soil moisture and vegetation water content\ndaily from 2000 to 2009....
Coal surface mining in northern Great Plains USA led to reclamation experiments with soil respreading. Respread soil depth\n(RSD) and runoff of water redistribution (WR) effects interacted in originalNorthDakota studies, complicating interpretations.We\ndetermined WR and soil depth/soil quality (SQ) effects on hillslope production patterns for sites with soil wedges (2%ââ?¬â??5% slope,\n50-m length) over sodic mine spoils. At Zap, cool-season forages crested wheatgrass (CWG: Agropyron cristatum) and Russian\nwildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) generally decreased as RSD increased upslope. At Stanton, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), native grasses\n(Bouteloua spp.), and CWG responded to RSD, increasing 70% to midslope and decreasing further. A SQ index (SQI) based on\nsix indicator properties was highly correlated (...
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