Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Insulin resistance and metabolic derangement are present in patients with type 2 diabetes\nmellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolomic signature of T2DM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has\nnot been investigated thus far. In this prospective metabolomic study, fasting CSF and plasma\nsamples from 40 T2DM patients to 36 control subjects undergoing elective surgery with spinal\nanesthesia were analyzed by 1^H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra\nof CSF and plasma metabolites were analyzed and correlated with the presence of T2DM and\ndiabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) using an area under the curve\n(AUC) estimation. CSF metabolomic profiles in T2DM patients vs. controls revealed significantly\nincreased levels of alanine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, lactate, pyruvate, and decreased levels of histidine.\nIn addition, a combination of alanine, histidine, leucine, pyruvate, tyrosine, and valine in CSF showed\na superior correlation with the presence of T2DM (AUC:0.951), diabetic retinopathy (AUC:0.858),\nnephropathy (AUC:0.811), and neuropathy (AUC:0.691). Similar correlations also appeared in plasma\nprofiling. These metabolic alterations in CSF suggest decreasing aerobic metabolism and increasing\nanaerobic glycolysis in cerebral circulation of patients with T2DM. In conclusion, our results provide\nclues for the metabolic derangements in diabetic central neuropathy among T2DM patients; however,\ntheir clinical significance requires further exploration....
Silybin (SBN) is a major active constituent of silymarin, a mixture of flavonoids found in\nfruits and seeds of milk thistle. The aim of this study was to describe a simple bioanalytical method\nfor quantifying SBN in rat plasma. A simple protein deproteinization procedure with acetonitrile\n(ACN) was employed for plasma sample preparation. A reversed column and gradient elution of\na mobile phase (mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and ACN) were used for chromatographic\nseparation. The selectivity, linearity (50-500 ng/mL), precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect,\nand stability for this method were validated as per the current Food and Drug Administration\n(FDA) guidelines. Our method for SBN was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study on\nfour different commercial silymarin products. This in vivo rat study demonstrated that product\n#4 significantly enhanced the relative oral bioavailability of SBN, as compared to product #1-3.\nTherefore, the bioanalytical method proposed herein could serve as a promising alternative for\npreclinical pharmacokinetic studies on silymarin products and, by extension, clinical use after partial\nmodification and validation....
Blood plasma from patients is a powerful resource for diagnosing infectious disease due to\nit having many genetic materials as well as being relatively easy to obtain. Thus, various biosensors\nhave been investigated for diagnosing diseases in blood plasma. However, there are no optimized and\nvalidated sensors for clinical use due to the low sensitivity, complexity, and diffculties of removing\nthe inhibitors from plasma samples. In this study, we described a silicon microring resonator sensor\nused to detect Coxiella burnetii from the blood plasma of Q-fever patients in a label-free, real-time\nmanner. Q-fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii via direct contact or inhalation\naerosols. We validated this biosensor in the blood plasma of 35 clinical samples (including 16 Q\nfever samples infected with Coxiella burnetii and 19 samples infected with other febrile diseases.\nThe biosensors are capable of rapid (10 min), highly sensitive (87.5%), and specific (89.5%) detection\nin plasma samples compared to the use of the conventional method....
Prolactin has been reported to be a remarkable index of stress response, both acute and\nchronic, in several species. The use of biological matrixes other than blood is receiving increasing\ninterest in the study of hormones, due to the lower invasiveness in collection. This research aimed\nto investigate the possibility of using a commercial ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)\nkit for measuring canine prolactin in blood for the quantification of canine prolactin in saliva.\nStudy 1 consisted of a validation protocol, using saliva samples collected from lactating and\nnon-lactating dogs. Study 2 was conducted to investigate a possible correlation between prolactin\nconcentration in saliva and plasma in sheltered dogs by using the same kit. Prolactin values were\nreliably read only when they came from blood samples, not from saliva, but tended to be low in\nmost of the cases. Study 1 showed that saliva had a matrix effect. In study 2, saliva prolactin levels\nwere low and in 42.9% of cases, not readable...................................
Purpose: We wished to evaluate the lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) using contrast-enhanced\nT1-weighted (CE-T1W) black-blood (BB) imaging for vessel walls. Methods: Ninety-five patients\nwith basilar artery (BA) stenosis who underwent magnetic resonance angiography between January\n2016 and August 2018 were enrolled into this present study. CE-T1W BB imaging was considered as a\nreference method for identifying an LRNC. Results: Ten (10.5%) patients were identified as having\nan LRNC on CE-T1W BB imaging. Of these patients, 9 had acute symptoms. The extent of stenosis\nin patients with an LRNC on CE-T1W BB imaging was significantly greater than that of patients\nwithout an LRNC (p < 0.001). The maximum wall thickness in patients with an LRNC on CE-T1W\nimaging was significantly thicker than that of patients without an LRNC (p = 0.008). Conclusions:\nIdentification of an LRNC on CE-T1W BB imaging was associated with high-grade stenosis and\nmassive plaque burden from BA atherosclerosis....
Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is now widely used in regenerative medicine and\ndentistry, contradictory clinical outcomes have often been obtained. To minimize such di_erences\nand to obtain high quality evidence from clinical studies, the PRP preparation protocol needs to be\nstandardized. In addition, emphasis must be placed on quality control. Following our previous\nspectrophotometric method of platelet counting, in this study, another simple and convenient\nspectrophotometric method to determine platelet aggregation activity has been developed. Citrated\nblood samples were collected from healthy donors and used. After centrifugation twice, platelets\nwere suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced\naggregation was determined using a spectrophotometer at 615 nm. For validation, platelets pretreated\nwith aspirin, an antiplatelet agent, or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidative stress-inducing agent,\nwere also analyzed. Optimal platelet concentration, assay buffer solution, and representative time\npoint for determination of aggregation were found to be 50-100*104/microL, PBS, and 3 min after\nstimulation, respectively. Suppressed or injured platelets showed a significantly lower aggregation\nresponse to ADP. Therefore, it suggests that this spectrophotometric method may be useful in quick\nchair-side evaluation of individual PRP quality....
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