Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
The cytostatic agent hydroxyurea (HU) has proven to be beneficial for a variety of conditions\nin the disciplines of oncology, hematology, infectious disease and dermatology. It disrupts the S phase\nof the cell cycle by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, thus blocking the transformation\nof ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides, a rate limiting step in DNA synthesis. HU is listed as an\nessential medicine by the World Health Organization. Several studies have indicated that HU is well\ntolerated and safe in pregnant women and very young pediatric patients. To our knowledge, only a\nfew controlled studies on the adverse effects of HU therapy have been done in humans. Despite this,\nthe prevalence of central nervous system abnormalities, including ischemic lesions and stenosis have\nbeen reported. This review will summarize and present the effects of HU exposure on the prenatal\nand perinatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons. Our results\ncall for the necessity to better understand HU effects and define the administration of this drug to\ngestating women and young pediatric patients....
Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and\nmethods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical\nphlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic\nJournal Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL complete\n(EESCO) and other related databases to determine the literature. Screen out\narticles consistent with this review and summarize them. Results: Since the\nestablishment of the database, a total of 1463 articles have been retrieved. After\nreading the title, abstract and full text, and excluding non-related and\nduplicate articles, 22 reports were finally included. Among them, there are 8\narticles using different medication methods to compare the effects of establishing\na CP model. The included articles explored the effects of different\nanimal models, drug types, and their dose, concentration, speed, and time on\nthe CP model. Conclusion: The factors of dose, concentration and time were\npositively correlated with the incidence of CP. The effect of speed factors on\nCP and the results of different animal models are inconsistent. It requires\nfurther research in the future....
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E in humans in developing\ncountries, but autochthonous cases of zoonotic genotype 3 (HEV-3) infection also occur in industrialized\ncountries. In contrast to swine, rats, and rabbits, natural HEV infections in mice have not yet been\ndemonstrated. The pig represents a well-established large animal model for HEV-3 infection, but a suitable\nsmall animal model mimicking natural HEV-3 infection is currently missing. Therefore, we experimentally\ninoculated C57BL/6 mice (wild-type, IFNAR-/-, CD4-/-, CD8-/-) and BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice,\nWistar rats, and European rabbits with a wild boar-derived HEV-3 strain and monitored virus replication\nand shedding, as well as humoral immune responses. HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies were detected\nin one and two out of eight of the rats and all rabbits inoculated, respectively, but not in any of the mouse\nstrains tested. Remarkably, immunosuppressive dexamethasone treatment of rats did not enhance their\nsusceptibility to HEV infection. In rabbits, immunization with recombinant HEV-3 and ratHEV capsid\nproteins induced protection against HEV-3 challenge. In conclusion, the rabbit model for HEV-3 infection\nmay serve as a suitable alternative to the non-human primate and swine models, and as an appropriate\nbasis for vaccine evaluation studies....
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like WIV1-coronavirus (CoV) was first isolated\nfrom Rhinolophus sinicus bats and can use the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.\nIn the current study, we investigate the ability of WIV1-CoV to infect Rousettus aegyptiacus bats. No\nclinical signs were observed throughout the experiment. Furthermore, only four oropharyngeal swabs\nand two respiratory tissues, isolated on day 3 post inoculation, were found positive for viral RNA.\nTwo out of twelve bats showed a modest increase in coronavirus specific antibodies post challenge.\nIn conclusion, WIV1-CoV was unable to cause a robust infection in Rousettus aegyptiacus bats....
Asthma is an inflammatory disease caused by an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells. In general,\nasthma is characterized by a stronger Th2 response. Most conventional asthma treatment focuses on\nimproving airway flow or suppression of airway inflammation. To reduce the side effects of currently\nused asthma medicines, we have conducted studies on natural products that have no side effects.\n2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxystilbene.....................
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