Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
The aim of this paper was to highlight the most widely antibiotic protocols applied to the\ndental field, especially in the surgical treatment of impacted wisdom teeth. Once these protocols\nwere screened, all the possible advantages or disadvantages for each drug and each posology were\nrecorded in this review. In recent years, the need to use these protocols has been debated in the\nliterature. The data obtained by this review underlined how antibiotic protocols applied to oral\nsurgery treatments only included surgeries performed on patients who did not present other systemic\npathologies. The first literature review obtained 140 results, and then after the application of the\ninclusion criteria, 12 papers were selected. The results showed that the most commonly used protocol\ninvolved the use of penicillin and clavulanate, obtaining safe clinical and prophylactic results in\nthe management of infections. This widely used protocol seems to guarantee high predictability\nand safety. The presented review highlights the current possibility of antibiotic resistance aecting\npatients due to drug misuse. Further clinical studies are required to state specific guidelines; however,\noral surgeons involved in third molar surgery should evaluate the local and general health conditions\nof the patients before suggesting any drug measures for patients....
Bone matrix collagen, is one of the major contributors to bone quality. No studies have\nexamined how bone quality affects the results of bone transplantation. Collagen cross-links (CCL)\nare the key factor in collagen properties. The purpose was to investigate the influences of CCL for\nboth grafted bone and recipient site bone on the success of bone augmentation. Four-week-old\nmale Wister rats (n = 54) were divided into control and test groups. Control and test groups equally\nsub-divided into donors and recipients. An additional six rats were used to characterize bone at\nday zero. Test groups received 0.2% beta-aminoproperionitrile (BAPN) for 4 weeks as CCL\ninhibitor. Animals were further divided into donor and recipient groups. The transplanted bone\nchips integrated with host bone by 25% more in CCL-deficient animals compared to control.\nHowever, no difference in cortical thickness among all conditions. CCL-deficient transplanted bone\ndid not show any extra signs of osteocyte apoptosis, while sclerostin expression was comparable to\nthat in control. The host periosteum of CCL-deficient animals showed higher cellular activity, as\nwell as higher bone quantity and osteoclast activity. Collagen cross-links deficiency in host bone\nmight accelerate the incorporation of grafted bone. effect. Incorporation of the bone grafts appears\nto depend mainly on host condition rather than graft condition....
The primary objective of endodontic therapy is to create a biologically acceptable\nenvironment within the root canal system that allows for the healing and maintenance of the\nhealth of the peri-radicular tissue. Bacteria are one of the main causes of pulp problems, and they have\ndifferent methods of penetrating and invading the endodontic space such as through carious lesions,\ntraumatic pulp exposures, and fractures. The types of bacteria found range from facultative anaerobes\nto aerobes, up to the most resistant species able to survive in nutrient-free environments; the bacterial\nspecies Enterococcus faecalis belongs to this last group. Enterococcus faecalis is considered one of the\nmain causes of recurring apical periodontal lesions following endodontic treatment, with persistent\nlesions occurring even after re-treatment. The review presented in this paper was performed in\naccordance with the PRISMA protocol and covers articles from the related scientific literature that\nwere sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the following terms as keywords:\nâ??endodontic treatmentâ?, â??endodontic bacteriaâ?, â??microbial endodonticâ?, and â??endodontic failureâ?.\nOnly the articles considered most relevant for the purposes of this paper were read in full and taken\ninto consideration for the following review. The results show that Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomycetes,\nand Propionibacterium propionicum are the species most frequently involved in persistent radicular and\nextra-radicular infections....
It is challenging to remove dental implants once they have been inserted into the bone\nbecause it is hard to visualize the actual process of bone formation after implant installation, not to\nmention the cellular events that occur therein. During bone formation, contact osteogenesis occurs\non roughened implant surfaces, while distance osteogenesis occurs on smooth implant surfaces. In\nthe literature, there have been many in vitro model studies of bone formation on simulated dental\nimplants using flattened titanium (Ti) discs; however, the purpose of this study was to identify the\nin vivo cell responses to the implant surfaces on actual, three-dimensional (3D) dental Ti implants\nand the surrounding bone in contact with such implants at the electron microscopic level using\ntwo different types of implant surfaces. In particular, the different parts of the implant structures\nwere scrutinized. In this study, dental implants were installed in rabbit tibiae. The implants and\nbone were removed on day 10 and, subsequently, assessed using scanning electron microscopy\n(SEM), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), focused\nion-beam (FIB) system with Cs-corrected TEM (Cs-STEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy\n(CLSM)-which were used to determine the implant surface characteristics and to identify the cells\naccording to the different structural parts of the turned and roughened implants. The cell attachment\npattern was revealed according to the different structural components of each implant surface and\nbone. Different cell responses to the implant surfaces and the surrounding bone were attained at an\nelectron microscopic level in an in vivo model. These results shed light on cell behavioral patterns\nthat occur during bone regeneration and could be a guide in the use of electron microscopy for 3D\ndental implants in an in vivo model....
Alzheimerâ??s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group\nof illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous\nsystem. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at\nage 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect\nthe masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimerâ??s disease. This study\ninvestigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients\nsuffering from Alzheimerâ??s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the\netiopathogenesis of Alzheimerâ??s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link\nbetween the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer's disease. We also\nstudied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism\n(secondary outcome) among Alzheimer's patients. We searched records in electronic databases such\nas PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimerâ??s Disease AND\nperiodontal, Alzheimerâ??s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR\nperiodontal) â??Alzheimerâ??s Diseaseâ? AND â??toothâ? OR â??dental loss,â? â??dementiaâ? AND\nâ??edentulous,â? â??Alzheimerâ??s Diseaseâ? AND â??edentulous,â? â??dementiaâ? AND â??toothâ? OR â??dental\nloss.â? The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine\narticles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and\nsix for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimerâ??s\ndisease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence\ninterval (CI) 1.00-2.30, p = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70-3.01, p < 0.001). A\nquantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimerâ??s\ndisease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism\ncompared to the control groups....
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