Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
The incidence of liver cancer in China accounts for more than half of the\nworld, and the majority of them is caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C.\nChina is known as a great contributor to hepatitis. The Chinese government\nhas implemented a series of preventive measures to solve this problem, especially\nthe policy of free hepatitis B vaccination for newborn babies and effectively\nreduced the incidence of hepatitis. The incidence of infectious diseases\nis often related to socio-economic factors. Therefore, we used data on the incidence\nof hepatitis B and C and socioeconomic factors to analyze and find\nout the relationship among them in various regions. There were high incidence\nareas and low incidence areas in China, and the high incidence area of\nhepatitis B was also the high incidence area of hepatitis C. Especially in Xinjiang,\nthe highest incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C was observed at the\nsame time. The incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C was more affected by\nregional economic factors. The economic factors in low incidence areas of\nhepatitis were better than those in high incidence areas. There was a negative\ncorrelation between economic factors and the incidence of hepatitis. In conclusion,\nin economically developed areas, the government has invested more\nmoney and resources in public health and peopleâ??s health awareness in\ncomparison to underdeveloped areas. In the future, various preventive\nstrategies should be carried out according to the background of different regions....
Introduction. Sound knowledge and good practice on insulin injection technique are essential for nurses in order to administer\ninsulin correctly and to educate patients or their relatives adequately. This study aimed to assess the insulin injection practice\nthrough the use of insulin pen among nurses working in a tertiary healthcare center of Nepal. Materials and Methods. A crosssectional\ndescriptive study was conducted among 67 nursesworking in one of the tertiary healthcare centers ofNepal.Demographic\ninformation and insulin injection practice of nurses through the use of insulin pen were assessed using self-administered\nquestionnaire. Each correct practice was scored â??1â? and incorrect practice was scored â??0.â? Results. The median (IQR) insulin\ninjection practice score of nurses was 11 (9-12) out of 16. Thirty-seven (55.2%) nurses store insulin pen filled with insulin cartridge\nat room temperature while 57 (85.1%) nurses store unopened cartridge at refrigerator (2-8.. C). The practice of hand washing and\ninjection site cleaning was mentioned by 92.5% and 82.1% of the nurses, respectively. However, just over half of the nurses mix the\npremix (cloudy) insulin and prime insulin pen before each injection. Thirty-four (50.7%) nurses do not lift skin during injection\nand more than half of the nurses keep needle beneath the skin for less than 5 seconds after completely injecting the required dose\nof insulin. One out of ten nurses massage injection site after injecting insulin. Most of the nurses (86.6%) use single needle more\nthan once and the median (IQR) frequency of needle reuse was 6 (3-12). Similarly, systematic site rotation was performed by 59\n(88.1%) nurses and twenty (29.9%) nurses claimthat they use single insulin pen for two different cartridges. Conclusion. The insulin\ninjection practice of nurses assessed through the use of insulin pen was suboptimal and highlights the need for urgent educational\nintervention....
PURPOSE: Diabetic patients with severe diabetic neuropathy often have hypoesthesia\nand numbness. This study evaluated foot self-care behavior according\nto severity of diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: We used a hand-held nerve\nconduction test device DPN check (HDN-1000, Omron) to evaluate severity of\ndiabetic neuropathy. Foot self-care was evaluated using the Japanese SDSCA\n(the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure). Foot self-care comprised\nvisual inspection, washing, wiping interdigital areas, and checking shoes,\nand was scored according to the number of days self-care which was performed\nin the previous week. RESULTS: The study evaluated 103 diabetic patients (age:\n65.7 years, diabetes duration: 13.9 years, HbA1c: 7.3%). Total scores (out of 28\npoints) for self-care behavior according to neuropathy severity were 11.8 (Normal:\nn = 54), 10.6 (Mild: n = 27), 13.3 (Moderate: n = 17), and 10.8 (Severe: n =\n5). Foot self-care scores were low in all groups, with particularly low scores in\nthose with severe neuropathy. However, no statistically significant differences\nwere observed. CONCLUSIONS: Foot self-care is essential in diabetes because\nlesions are more likely to occur in severe neuropathy. Living alone and the\npresence of recurrent foot lesions are associated with poor survival prognosis.\nAccordingly, foot-care intervention must take neuropathy severity and lifestyle\nfactors into account. The severity of diabetic neuropathy must be determined\nand foot-care intervention should take lifestyle factors into account....
Research suggests that the prevalence of marijuana use and depression are\nincreasing in the United States. Although it is not entirely clear what accounts\nfor these coincident trends, several studies have shown that these two health\nconcerns are associated among young people. This study assessed four hypotheses\nregarding the association between marijuana use and depression: 1)\nwhether marijuana use affects subsequent symptoms of depression; 2)\nwhether depressive symptoms affect subsequent marijuana use; 3) whether\nthey are associated in a bidirectional (reciprocal) manner; and 4) whether the\nassociation between the two is confounded by stressful life events. Using eight\nyears of longitudinal data from the Family Wellness and Health Study, a\nfixed-effects regression model provided empirical support for the first hypothesis\nonly, but not for the others. Future research should explore in greater\ndetail why marijuana use may have a causal impact on experiences with depression\namong young people....
Background: FertiQoL, which measures the Quality of Life (QOL) of reproductive\npartners, has been translated and used in 45 languages in the world.\nThe reliability and validity of the original English version of FertiQoL have\nbeen confirmed. However, there is still no report on the reliability and validity\nof the Japanese version by a large-scale survey. This study aimed to examine\nthe reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the FertiQoL scale\nfor measuring the QOL of patients with reproductive problems. Methods: An\nunsigned self-filled questionnaire survey was conducted in patients undergoing\ninfertility treatment at seven facilities in the Kanto area in Japan using\nthe 34 items of the Japanese version of the FertiQoL scale. The study design \nwas quantitative cross-sectional descriptive research. The investigation period\nwas from April 2013 to April 2018. The contents of the investigation were attributes , FertiQoL scale , and distress scale . To determine the construct validity,\nprincipal component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation\nanalysis for each subscale were performed using SPSS Statistics Ver.\n23.0 and AMOS Ver. 23.0. The study was performed after obtaining approval\nfrom the Research Ethics Review Committee of the responsible institutions to\nwhich the researchers belong as an ethical consideration. Results: The participants\nincluded 1201 patients undergoing infertility treatment and who\nprovided valid responses. The Cronbachâ??s .. was 0.92, and confirmatory factor\nanalysis identified six domains with 34 items that showed the following values: goodness of fit index = 0.877, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.855, comparative fit index = 0.893, and root mean square error of approximati The correlation coefficient was 0.669 (p < 0.001) with the distress\nscale. Conclusions: The Japanese version of FertiQoL showed adequate reliability\nand validity for assessing the QOL of patients with reproductive problems\nin Japan....
Japan has the highest proportion of older adults and so-called â??Super-aged\nsocietyâ? in the world. These results suggested that the prevalence of both cognitive\nand physical functional impairment increases with age. Therefore, the\npresent study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation\nin cognitive and physical functional impairment in healthy older\nadults in Japan. We enrolled 7 Japanese male (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 5 female\n(age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting\non a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Treatment group (n = 7)\nconsisted of a 500 IU/day vitamin D3 corresponding to twice of daily requirement\nfor 6 months. Blood was collected by venipuncture and the serum\n25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 OHD), 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D (1,25 OHD), Ca\nand PTH concentration were measured. The Mini-Mental State Examination\nand the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version were used\nfor the cognitive function test. Physical function was measured objectively\nusing the Timed Up and Go (TUG), 4-mgait speed test (4 MGS), 5-repetition\nsit-to-stand (5 STS), 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) and measurement of\nupper grip strength. Our results show that a 6-month intake of vitamin D3\nincreased serum 25 OHD within the insufficiency and sufficiency levels without\nchanging 1,25 OHD, Ca and PTH concentration. And it significantly decreased\n4 MGS without changing TUG, 5 STS, CS-30, upper grip strength and\ncognitive function. Serum 25 OHD cut-off values for skeletal muscle index,\ngrip strength and 4 MGS in diagnosis of sarcopenia are 18.6 - 23.4 ng/mL.\nThese findings suggest that serum 25 OHD levels (23.4 ng/mL) might improve\nmoving capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and physical balance functional impairment....
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