Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Fertilizers are the indispensable materials for farming and one of the major\ncomponents of the current world economy. It is essential to understand the\nchemical structures of fertilizers to provide best quality products to the consumers.\nIn this study, chemical structures of some frequently used commercial\nfertilizers (compost, DAP, and TSP) and their phosphate-metal interaction\nchemistry were studied employing both analytical and theoretical methods.\nThree types of fertilizer samples from the mid-southern part of Bangladesh\nwere collected to quantify the content of two micronutrient metals\n(iron and zinc) and two non-essential metals (scandium and samarium).................
The reduction of foliar area can cause yield reduction in common bean crops.\nThe objective of this work was to verify which is the effect of different defoliation\nlevels realized in several development stages of common bean (Phaseolus\nvulgaris L. cv. Goytacazes) over yield, weight of 100 seeds and number of\npods per plant. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a\nsplit-plot arrangement with five replications. The plot corresponded to the\nfive defoliation epochs (first trifoliate leaf, flowering, pods formation, pods\nfilling, and dry pods). In each plot, the split plot was represented by the four\ndefoliation levels (0%, 33%, 67% and 100%). It was observed a decrease of\nyield for all levels defoliation considering all development stages, except for\ndried pods. The highest decrease was detected for flowering and pods formation.\nThrough the regression analysis got a greater reduction in yield with\n100% defoliation made at 42 days after emergence. The evaluation parameter\nthat showed better relation with yield was a number of pods per plant....
This research was carried out to evaluate the foraging behaviour of Apis mellifera\nand Scaptotrigona bipunctata and its relationship with environmental\nvariables in Dombeya wallichii considering the following aspects: 1) Type of\nresource harvested, 2) Visitation rate, 3) Length of visit, 4) sugar concentration\nin the stored nectar in the honey crop of A. mellifera and secreted by the\nflower and 5) floral constancy. Both species collected mainly nectar, with a\nvisitation rate of 4.2 flowers for A. mellifera and 1.1 flowers for S. bipunctata\nand visit length of 9.2 and 34.2 seconds, respectively. The sugar concentration\nhad a positive relationship with temperature and luminosity, with mean values\nof 12.3% in the nectar and 14.2% in the honey crop. Bees were classified\nby specialists because the pollen of D. wallichii was predominant in the pollen\nbasket, but the pollen of Emilia sonchifolia and Raphanus sativus was also\nfound. These results suggest that the species under study take advantage of\nthe resources offered by D. wallichii , therefore, this species is an important\nsource for the maintenance of the bees in the season of lack of food....
Herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide injury while maintaining the\nherbicidal effect on the target weed. To some extent, the detoxification of herbicides is related to the\neffect of herbicide safeners on the level and activity of herbicide target enzymes. In this work, the\nexpression of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and antioxidant enzyme\nactivities in maize seedlings were studied in the presence of three potential herbicide safeners: 3-\ndichloroacetyl oxazolidine and its two optical isomers. Further, the protective effect of chiral\nherbicide safeners on detoxifying chlorsulfuron in maize was evaluated. All safeners increased the\nexpression levels of herbicide detoxifying enzymes, including GST, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase\n(POD) to reduce sulfonylurea herbicide phytotoxicity in maize seedlings. Our results indicate that\nthe R-isomer of 3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine can induce glutathione (GSH)\nproduction, GST activity, and the ability of GST to react with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-\ndinitrobenzene (CDNB) in maize, meaning that the R-isomer can protect maize from damage by\nchlorsulfuron. Information about antioxidative enzyme activity was obtained to determine the role\nof chiral safeners in overcoming the oxidative stress in maize attributed to herbicides. The\ninteraction of safeners and active target sites of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was demonstrated by\nmolecular docking modeling, which indicated that both isomers could form a good interaction with\nALS. Our findings suggest that the detoxification mechanism of chiral safeners might involve the\ninduction of the activity of herbicide detoxifying enzymes as well as the completion of the target\nactive site between the safener and chlorsulfuron....
The objective of this study was to determine the sample size needed to evaluate\ncharacters of mature fruits of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.).\n100 fruits were evaluated from plants grown under a shading system. In the\nlaboratory, these fruits were measured by the characters: longitudinal length\n(mm); equatorial diameter (mm); fruit mass (g); yield of pulp (%); total soluble\nsolids-TSS..............
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